Julius Caesar - Ethos, Pathos, Logos Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar Ethos, Pathos, Logos Essay During Julius Caesar, in one of the most famous scenes Shakespeare wrote, Antony influences the audience, soon turning the mourning crowd into a rioting mob. Antony persuades the Romans in his speech through Ethos, Logos, Pathos. Antony’s speech undermines the conspirators even while it appears deferential to them. Antony uses Ethos to catch the audience’s attention. He states â€Å"For Brutus is an honorable man; so are they all, all honorable men† (Act 3, 81-82). Antony never directly calls the conspirators, including Brutus, traitors; he is mainly calling them honorable in a sarcastic manner that the crowd is able to understand. This is the irony in what he is saying. Later in the scene he goes back to into a sarcastic tone and states â€Å"O masters, if I were disposed to stir your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong— who, you all know, are honorable men. I will not do them wrong. I rather choose to wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, than I will wrong such honorable men†(Act 3,120-126). Antony is making fun of righting the â€Å"honorable men. † Antony reassures the crowd he is â€Å"not to disprove what Brutus spoke† but to tell them what he does know. He is using logos, logic. Antony had â€Å"thrice presented [Caesar] a kingly crown† he refused it each time. He then asks â€Å"Was this ambition? †(Act 3, 95-96). He makes the crowds think whether Brutus’ motives where true or just out of jealousy. â€Å"You all loved him once, and not without reason. Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now? †(Act 3,101-102). In this line he is asking the audience why should they applaud Brutus for killing Caesar. They had loved and admired Caesar at some point so why should they not mourn him now. Towards the end of Antony’s speech he begins using pathos causing the crowd to feel sympathy for Caesars and his wrongful death. He mentions that for the audience to bear with him. His â€Å"heart is in the coffin there with Caesar† (Act 3,104-106) he then takes a minute to recollect himself. The audience begins to -realize how â€Å"Caesar has had great wrong† (Act 3,109) By how Antony weeps for Caesar makes the Romans realize what all the conspirators did was terribly wrong, because Antony, although he is a party animal he is still a noble man. In the end Antony had the better advantage when it came to using Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. Antony, proving himself a noble man, got the Romans to see the wrong deed and caused them to seek revenge.

Functions Of Operating Systems

Functions Of Operating Systems Operating system is the program, which usually installed into the computer by a boot program. It manages all other programs in computer. Sometimes it also called as OS. These programs also called applications. The application uses the operating system by making requests for services through API (Application Program Interface). Sometimes users can directly use the operating system through GUI (Graphical Users Interface) or command language. Operating system is a program that allows you to work with hardware and software on your computer. Basically, there are two ways to use operating system on your computer. The two ways are as follows: 1. for ex., DOS, you type a text commands and computer give respond to you according to your command. This is called command line operating system. 2. With a GUI (Graphical User Interface) operating system (ex., windows). You relate with the computer through graphical user interface with pictures and buttons by using the mouse and keyboard. An operating system is software that enables the computer hardware to communicate and function with the computer software. Most desktop or laptops come or preloaded with Microsoft windows. Macintosh computers are loaded with Mac OS. Many computers or servers use the Linux or UNIX operating system. The operating system is the first thing loaded on the computer- without operating system (OS) the computer is useless and we cant do any functions on it. Now at the moment, operating systems have started to use OS in small computers as well. If we mess with electronic devices, we can see the operating system in many of the devices, which we use every day, from mobile phone to wireless access points. The computer use in these little devices is more powerful and they can easily run operating system and applications of it. The main aim of the operating system is to organize and control the hardware and software so that the device behaves in a flexible way. All computers does not having operating systems, for ex the computer that controls the microwave oven in your kitchen, does not need operating system to work because it has only one set of job to do. The most common window operating systems developed by Microsoft. There are other hundreds of other operating system available for special-purpose applications, including manufacturing, robotics, and mainframes and so on. FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM As we talk about operating system, it does two things at the simplest level: It manages the hardware and software resources of the system. In desktop computers these resources such as processors, memory disk space and more. It provides stable, constant way of applications to deal with the hardware without having the full details of the hardware. The first task, managing the hardware and software resources and it is very important. The various programs and input methods complete for the attention of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and demand memory, storage and input/output (I/O) bandwidth for their own purposes. In this capability the operating system plays the good role of a good parent, and making sure that each application gets the necessary resources while playing efficiently with all other applications, as well as it plays good role of husbanding the limited capacity of the system. The second task is mainly important if there is more than one of a particular type of computer using the operating system. A constant application program interface (API) allows software to write an application on one computer and have a confidence to write a same application on other computer of the same type, even if the sum of the memory or the quantity of storage is different on the two machines. When computer is unique, an operating system can make sure that applications continue to run when hardware upgrades and updates occur. This is because of the operating system not the applications. One of the challenges facing developers is keeping their operating systems flexible enough to run hardware from the thousands of vendors manufacturing computer equipment. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM Within the family of operating system, there are four types of operating system based on the types of computers. The categories are: Real-time operating system (RTOS) Real time operating system used to control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial system. An RTOS hardly have little user-interface capacity, and no end-user utilities. A very important part of an RTOS is managing the property of the computer so that particular operations executes in same amount of time. In a complex machine, having a part move more quickly just because system resources are available may be just as catastrophic as having it may not move at all because the system is busy. Single-user, single task As the name implies, this operating system is designed to manage the computer so that one user can do one thing at a time. The Palm OS for Palm handheld computers is good example of modern single user, single task operating system. Single-user, multi tasking This is very popular operating system; most people use this operating system on their desktop and laptop today. Microsofts Windows and Apples Mac OS are both example of single user, multi tasking operating system. It will let a single user have several programs in operation at same time. For example, it is possible in Windows to write a not in Microsoft word while downloading a file from the internet while printing the text on e-mail message. Multi- user A multi user operating system allows many users to take advantage of the computer resources simultaneously. The operating system make sure that the requirements of the various users are balanced, and each of the program they are using has sufficient and separate resources so that the problem with one users doesnt affect the community of the users. UNIX, VMS and main frame operating systems, such as MVS, are the examples of the operating systems. Its important to differentiate multi user operating system and single user operating system that support networking. Windows 2000 can support hundreds or thousands of networked users.

Television and Media Violence - Is Aggressive Behavior Linked to TV Vio

Is Aggressive Behavior Linked to Television Violence?      Ã‚   According the Centerwall (1992), the average child aged 2-5 in 1990 watched 27 hours of television per day, or almost 4 hours per day. When much of what is on television, including cartoons and television shows targeted at children, contains violence, it becomes important to know whether watching televised violence can lead to or increase aggressive behavior. Social learning theory tells us that children model their behavior after those they see. It is reasonable, then, to infer that watching violence on television will lead to behaving violently, due to the modeling effect. The present study reviews some relevant prior research, and then investigates the hypothesis that children who view violent television behave more aggressively than children who view less violent television do.    Centerwall (1992) performed an intriguing study that strongly suggests a positive correlation with television viewing and aggressive, violent behavior. This study looks at the effect that the introduction of television had on the populations of three countries: the United States, Canada, and South Africa. Centerwall compared the homicide rates in these three countries during the years of 1945, 1974, and 1987. In 1945, the US and Canada were blessed with television, so the homicide statistics from 1945 were the last statistics that did not have the influence of television. South Africa, in contrast, did not receive television until 1975. Before 1975, South Africa had introduced other media   radio and cinema for example   so these statistics isolate the effect of television as a cause of increased homicide rates. Center... ...on cartoons on emotionally disturbed children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 12:413-427 Huston-Stein, A., Fox, S., Greer, D., Watkins, B. A., & Whitaker, J. (1981). The effects of TV action and violence on children's social behavior. Journal of Genetic Psychology 138:183-191 Wiegman, O., Kuttschreuter, M., & Baarda, B. (1992). A longitudinal study of the effects of television viewing on aggressive and prosocial behaviors. British Journal of Social Psychology 31:147-164 Centerwall, B. S. (1992). Television and violence: the scale of the problem and where to go from here. The Journal of the American Medical Association 267:3059-3063 Singer, M. I., Miller, D. B., Guo, S., Flannery, D. J., Frierson, T., Slovak, K. (1999). Contributors to violent behavior among elementary and middle school children. Pediatrics 104:878

The Machiavellian Element in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essay

Machiavelli's Moral and social philosophy, as expressed in the prince, and the way this is related to in the political philosophy, style, and actions of Julius Caesar of Shakespeare's play For the reason that philosophy including all other branches of knowledge, from head to toe, is meant for the welfare and wellbeing of mankind thus the sacred branch of knowledge such as philosophy is all about discovering and investigating the hidden for the further wellbeing of mankind instead of putting the same human beings into the hands of totally inhuman structure based on Machiavelli's moral and social philosophy. I would rather call Machiavelli's moral and social philosophy as mere tactics of treating human being worse than live-stock. If people are still firm on calling Machiavelli’s recommended tactics as philosophy then, better to say, at the end of the day we will end up with egg on our face. Frankly speaking, a rather illogical viewpoint as given by Machiavelli can not be called as philosophy at any cost. Historically, Machiavelli was an Italian political theorist whose book The Prince (1513) describes the achievement and maintenance of power by a determined ruler indifferent to moral considerations. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), Italian author and statesman, is one of the outstanding figures of the Renaissance, b. Florence. Machiavelli's best-known work, Il principe [the prince] (1532), describes the means by which a prince may gain and maintain his power. His â€Å"ideal† prince (seemingly modeled on Cesare Borgia) is an amoral and calculating tyrant who would be able to establish a unified Italian state. The last chapter of the work pleads for the eventual liberation of Italy from foreign rule. Interpretations of The Prince... ... Machiavelli, Niccolà ³. 1560; facs. 1969. The Arte of Warre. Trans. Peter Whitehorne. Amsterdam and New York: Da Capo. Shakespeare's Machiavelli, August 5, 2003, http://web.uvic.ca/shakespeare/Library/SLT/ideas/machiavelli2.html "About Machiavelli" Section, August 5, 2003, http://www.niccolo-machiavelli.com/about.html Machiavels, August 5, 2003 http://www.shakespeare.com/queries/display.php?id=3355 "The Qualities of the Prince" by Ron King, August 5, 2003, http://www.geometry.net/detail/philosophers/machiavelli_nicolo.html Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, Review by Edward Tanguay November 15, 1996 http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~tanguay/book50.htm Niccolo Machiavelli, August 5, 2003, http://www.smuc.ac.uk/English/en251/en251_5.htm Concerning Liberality And Meanness, August 5, 2003, http://www.geocities.com/vitomonti2002/juliuscaesar4.html

Management Accounting Essay -- Management

Finances Future: Challenge or threat?-Management Accounting Missing Article This article is a bout the changing demands of the business world and the impact it will have on management accounting. According to this article the business role that management accountants play will be significantly different in the future. While this change is inevitable it is unclear how many of today's accountants will be able or willing to adjust to the change and conform to what is being called "New Accounting." Accountants in the future will have to play a much larger role in their organization. Becoming a change agent, someone who can help accelerate change in an organization. This is a problem for most accountants who are used to doing the same job year after year with little to no change. Since the introduction of the computer management has recognized that the PC can perform in much less time many of the tedious number crunching activities accountants spend hours doing. As a result of this accountants are being asked to do more and become analytical and proactive, looking into the future and joining with management in making and taking responsibility for all those tough decisions. Management expects the accounting department in addition to its role processing transactions to serve as the central information hub and purveyor of all sorts of data stored on the computers. Accountants doing the same time that all these changes were happening due to PC were also facing change due to the new idea of "reengineering." This is the idea of going beyond seeking efficiencies and asking is this business process really necessary?. And if it is how can it be designed to better serve the business. If a task is unnecessary then the people who perfor... ... constant as learning should be in order to stay competitive. With the introduction of the PC accountants need to step up and prove that their role is still necessary focusing not only on balancing the books but serving as a center of information for the organization. In the future I think that this is what management accounting will be all about. Crunching number is a job better left up to the computer systems. By integrating all the functions of the finance department, finance becomes a chief driver of the decision making process. Accountants in the future must be able to adapt to change, take risks, and do more thinking and analyzing than number crunching and reporting. The new role of management accountants as the data keeper for the entire organization makes them the backbone of today's organizations which is a far larger job than balancing the books on time.

Management of a Business †New Belgium Brewery Essay

Operations Management, Employee Ownership, and Leadership Provided by Management I would describe the operations management at New Belgium Brewing to be very well run. Founder, Jeff Lebesch, and co-founder, Kim Jordan, implemented an open-management system in 1996. This means that employees are directly involved in running the company. Employees are given training so that they understand how all of the financials of the New Belgian Brewery work. Kim believes that understanding the financials helps employees pay closer attention to them. Employee, Doug Miller says, â€Å"Once Kim and Jeff decided to let us all know where everything was going, it made it real important for us to keep count of every keg, any cases that are damaged. You know, it all adds up.† After a year of working for the company, each employee is given a share, and treated as a shareholder. Employees have a say in the overall direction of the company, and they work with the owners, rather than for them. This gives employees a vested interest in seeing the company progress further. The owners see all employee decisions and input as being very important to the success of the company. Chief Financial Officer, Jennifer V. Orgolini says, â€Å"How can you really care about the certain small things that are necessary to be done day in and day out if you don’t have a larger purpose behind them?† Since employees are shareholders, the more profit the company makes, the more their share is worth. This creates an environment of employee-owners that all want to work towards making the company as successful as possible. Employees all work at a similar level in separate, focused departments. Although, some departments needs to report certain things to other people and/or departments, no one in the company has more authority than anyone else. This is known as a decentralized organization, which means that everything is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible. Since employees to do not need to seek approval from managers, they can implement needed changes as quickly as possible. Overall, this system makes for happier, hardworking employees. Co-founder, Kim Jordan says, â€Å"I hear it a lot from customers, people who I’ll run into and say, ‘Wow, I was at your brewery and the vibe there is amazing. You can just tell that people really like being there.'† She also claims that, â€Å"I think that combination of happiness and extending yourself to have real relationships with people and being excellent here at New Belgium really creates a magical vibe.† Environmental Responsibility and Sustainability New Belgium has been working very hard over the last few years to be more environmentally responsible and sustainable. In 2008, the company was used about 158 MJ/hl in energy for the year. By 2011, they dropped that number down to 138 MJ/hl, and hope to drop it to 125 MJ/hl by 2018. The company has done all this by reducing their need for electricity. They have been investing in efficient equipment, installing heat exchangers, and designing their facilities with conservation in mind. In 2010, New Belgium installed a Smart Grid. A Smart Grid allows 2-way communication between the electricity provider and the company. The electricity provider can determine when New Belgium is running a non-essential function, and sends them a notice to turn it off. In January 2010, New Belgium installed solar panels on top of their packaging hall. It produces over 264,000 kWh each year and contributes to over 3% of the company’s total power supply. Both energy saving installations were partially funded by FortZED. New Belgium has an on-site Process Water Treatment Plant The Five Functions of Management The five functions of management are planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves deciding what the company’s objectives are and how to accomplish them. Objectives are the desired end results determined by an organization, they derive from the organization’s mission. A mission describes a company’s fundamental purpose and basic philosophy. Meeting objectives involves three types of general plans – strategic, tactical, and operational. Strategic plans establish the long-range objectives of an organizations, as well as the overall strategy or course of action used to fulfill their missions. Strategic plans factor in four things, the organizations strengths and weaknesses, as well as potential opportunities and threats. Strengths are the things that a company does well or the characteristics that give it an important aptitude. Weaknesses are things that a company does poorly with, does not have, or areas where it is at a disadvantage. Opportunities are things found in the external environment of a company that could be beneficial, cause potential growth, or be a source of competitive advantage. Threats are also found in  the external environment, but hold the possibility of causing damage to a company. Tactical Plans are short range and designed to utilize the objectives of the strategic plan. They are meant to help keep the company on the course set in the strategic plan. Tactical plans allow an organization the ability to react to unpredictable changes in the environment, so they must be periodically reviewed and updated by management. Operational Plans are very short term plans that determine what specific work groups, individuals, or departments must accomplish to achieve the goal of a tactical plan. Another part of planning is crisis management or contingency planning. This area deals with potential disasters that a company may face. They may be natural disasters or disasters within the company. Some companies will have crisis management team who deal specifically with these problems, which allows managers to continue to focus on their regular duties. New Belgium Brewery’s strategic plan is to have happy employee-owners who enjoy their job and work very hard to make this company profitable. They have and are continuing to achieve this with their tactical plan of making employees into owners, training workers to be financially literate, and by allowing employees access to the books. Since employees are given a share of the company after one year, they are treated like shareholders. They work with the owners, who listen to and consider all employee input into the operations. Because employees are shareholders, they work hard to make the company as successful as possible. Organizing involves structuring resources and activities in a way that accomplishes objectives efficiently and effectively. Managers will review plans and determine what activities are needed for implementing them. Work will be divided into smaller units and assigned to specific departments, individuals, or groups. Most of the time work is organized into teams that handle core processes, rather than constructing around traditional departments, such as marketing and production. Organizing helps create synergy, which means the sum of the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Organization also establishes lines of authority, improves communication, helps avoid reproduction of resources, and helps improve competitiveness by speeding up the decision making process. New Belgium Brewery is divided into departments that focus on certain areas of the company. However, unlike most businesses, the departments at New Belgium are not divided into a hierarchy of people with  more power and authority than those below them. The staff in each department work together at the same level and do not need to report to any managers. This gives employees the power to apply any needed changes in the company without waiting for the approval of a manager. Staffing involves hiring enough of and the right kind of people to carry out the work of the organization. Managers must determine what skills are needed for specific jobs and must recruit accordingly. Managers must determine how to motivate and train employees, how much to pay employees, what benefits should be provided, and how to prepare employees for potential higher-level jobs in the organization. Staffing also involves downsizing, which is the elimination of a large number of people from an organization. New Belgium focuses on hiring people who fit the culture of their company. Staff need to be willing to learn, willing to work hard, and need the people skills to get along with other people in the company. Also, New Belgium makes employees wait a year before giving them a share in their organization. This gives the owners time to make sure that an employee will fit well with their company and also tests their loyalty. Directing involves motivating and leading employees to achieve an organization’s objectives. Employers may motivate employees to do a good job with incentives, such as promotions or pay raises. However, most employees want more than money. Workers want to know that their ideas and input are of value to their employer. Smart managers know to involve their employees in company decision making processes as often as possible. This inclusion makes workers feel more important and better about their job, which greatly benefits the organization. New Belgium’s way of directing and motivating their employees is giving them shares in the company and making them employee-owners. Since staff are shareholders, they are a big part of decision making processes. Also, the incentive of owning a share in the company has employees trying to steer the company in a positive direction, so that they reap the benefits along with Jeff and Kim. Controlling involves evaluating and correcting the activities of an organization in order to keep them on course. This involves five activities: 1.Measuring performance 2.Comparing present performance with standards or objectives 3.Identifying deviations from the standards 4.Investigating the causes of deviations 5.Taking corrective action when necessary Controlling is closely related to planning. Planning establishes the goals and standards of an organization, controlling compares present performance with those goals and standards in order to determine whether or not performance is on target. When performance is not keeping up with the company’s expectations, employers must determine why that is and come up with a way to get back on track. Because employees at New Belgium do not have managers, and they all work at the same level, they can immediately implement any changes that may deviate the company from their desired course of action. Sources †¢http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPhypYaWHm8 †¢http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_reclamation †¢http://www.newbelgium.com/sustainability/Environmental-Metrics.aspx

Barriers of Dell

For Dell Company to achieve its organizational development and change it requires several things to be done. Without which the company will not be in a position to achieve its set goals. Anything that will block the company from attaining its objective of organizational development will be a barrier to its development. There are many barriers to organization development and they vary from organization to organization. All the processes that are involved in the organizational development require funds.The initial stage of the organizational development involves analysis and research so as to establish the most likely problem the company is going through. Every part of this research will involve money, for example the materials used in the research, the hired manpower to carry out the research. The organization therefore needs money to have all this recommendations be implemented. Before Dell coming up with an idea of making simple machine to his customers he had to make a research so as to establish the level at which his customers could operate his machines.Establishing a channel by which Dell could get feedback required funds. According to consumer channels feed back (2009) Dell was to use the modern technology in his management. The advantage with this modern communication was its efficiency in terms of time and accuracy. Despite its efficiency this technology requires a lot of initial capital to install it. This means that the company needs a lot of funds so as to start using this technology in its management. Without this money the company can not establish good feedback to its customers.Therefore in case the money from Dell Company’s returns goes down then it will imply that he will not be in a position to establish these channels. In this case funds become barrier to his organizational development. Dell has as tried as much as possible to reduce the number of middlemen in his chain of distribution. He has an intension of reduce the cost of his prod uct in doing so. But this can also become a barrier to his development. The reason for middlemen is to increase the rate of exchange of goods and services at the ground level.Without them some of the areas will never be reached hence the consumers coverage area will be small as compared to his competitors. It is through this channel that he can understand his customers fully; hence without these middlemen it can be impossible to understand some of his customers. The idea of reducing the middlemen therefore can be a barrier to the development of Dell Company. Dell put a lot of interest in his customer; he produces machines that are demanded by his customers. Foxall, G. (2005.) Understanding consumers is the key to winning them. This means that a lot of his goods and service are done on demand instead of innovation. This can become a barrier especially in this era of technological advancement and development. He should stop producing goods on demand and come up with new skills that wi ll lead to invention of new machines that are more efficient than the ones he produced later. This will help him have a competitive advantage over his competitors. Dell was also ensuring that his goods gain an advantage over the other competitors.To do this he was making sure that he reduces the number of hands during the manufacturing process. This can become a barrier to the organizational development since it will reduce the out put of the firm. When less people are working the out put will be low and hence the company will have low incomes. Before any progress is noticed the workers in the organization must own the recommendations, if they fail to own them it becomes hard to implement them, Dell to not have any strategy that looks at the needs of the workers.When the company encounters this problem then it becomes a barrier to its organizational development. This company has put a lot of emphasis on the completive strategy. There is nothing put in place so as to look at the work ers within the company. Since they are the ones to implement the ideas of Dell they may be barriers to the development of the company. The strategy of global consultancy can become barrier to Dell’s development. This will expose this company to may company’s that manufacture the some goods and service to Dell company.Some of this companies can steal the skills used by Dell in its manufacture and start produce a replica of Dell machine in their own names and hence establishing new competitors that will reduce the market command to Dell company. As this company workers interacts with the other foreign company they may start to demand some favors that are given to workers of other countries. When this favors are beyond Dell’s or to expensive for him then this becomes a barrier to his development.In some cases such worker may even transfer to other companies with also the technological skill acquired in Dell Company hence becoming a big treat to Dell. Schiff man, L. G. (1993), explains that worker behavior is influence by other worker in their environment Reference Foxall, G. (2005. ) Understanding Consumer Choice. Baingstoke. Palgrave Macmillian. Schiffman, L. G. (1993), Understanding Workers Consumer Behavior, Prentice Hall International, London. http://www. allbusiness. com/marketing-advertising/marketing-advertising/5504141-1. html