The Tempest Essay -- essays research papers

Explain how Ariel and Caliban lot as character foils for each other. Be positive(predicate) to consider their physical appearance and their roles as servants to Prospero.     In the world of The Tempest , Ariel, the airy spirit, and Caliban, the earthy monster, can be described as character foils. strange and contrasted as they ar, they have some traits in common. They both have an aversion to labor and a longing for liberty. Also, they have a primitive sense of humor, a fondness for tricks and pranks, and a spontaneous and unsophisticated love of nature. Furthermore, deeper inside them, one has a fear of a higher power and the other a hunger for affection and approbation. Thus, the contrast between them is heightened.     Ariel and Caliban symbolize, respectively, pure language and pure body. The name of Prosperos language is Ariel, who symbolizes his word in action, the precise fulfillment of his desires, who operates as an extension of Prosperos body. In a way, Prospero, through his creative word, Ariel, can be seen as being omnipresent. However, Ariel chafes under his masters control, desiring a liberty that would ironic in ally reduce him to nothingness, dispersing him into thin air.Caliban, the son of the evil-minded witch Sycorax, is the perfect brute, who would be petted and patted, given food and drink, and taught to speak. Caliban learns language only to turn it against itself. He becomes vindictive and rewards his masters, Prospero, efforts with curses. His developed consciousness leads him into deeper enslavement, inducing him to overeach his limits by attempting to finish up his lord. Earlier, he became rebellious and attempted to "violate" his masters daughter, the innocent, pure Miranda. He later, after getting drunk, turns on Prospero and professes his loyalty to Stephano.In conclusion, Ariel is considered to be beyond humanity at the spiritual end of the scale and Caliban is beneath humani ty at the animal end of the scale. In addition, Ariel rides "on the curld clouds" and Caliban liveson "this hard rock." Caliban and Ariel exist at opposite sides of the spectrum and because of this, they are characters foils to each other.           3 Describe Miranda. How is she a product of "nurturre rather than "nature"... ...e all his faults in his earlier life. He uses magic to make things better and repay all his problems. In a way, magic is his way of getting around what he cant figure out himself. But now he has come to give that if he wants to retain his Dukedom he needs to give up his magic and live a normal life as the Duke of Milan. Magic figure out his problems for him once in his life, but now he realizes that a good Duke would face the problems just as everyone else does.      In his last line of the play, Prospero says " Ill deliver all and promise you calm seas, auspiciou s gales, and sail so expeditious that shall catch your royal fleet far take out." He then continues to give Ariel his send off of freedom. What he means in this last line of the play is that he is now going to leave this island, but before he does this he wants to compensate all ties with those who are there. Next, he renounces his magic as he realizes that he is a new man with new responsibilities. He is off to be the Duke of Milan and serve as a trustworthy and honest Duke, one which all can live under and abide by fairly. He has his Dukedom back, he feels as though he no longer needs his magic.

Different Sources of Finance for Businesses Essay -- Papers Business F

opposite Sources of Finance for Businesses Introduction This assignment will tone at the different sources of finance that are available to a exquisite occupation or a big company. With each source of finance listed the report will assess the implications that can arise and along with this the report will look at the cost to the business to taking a curtain source of finance. All businesses need short-term finance from the very beginning to start up the business and to cover day-to-day running costs. This provides the business with working upper-case letter. However businesses also need long-term capital to help them to grow and expand, and this is paid dorsum over a number of years. Without finance a business would find it difficult to accomplish anything, for example someone who decided to start up a shop would need finance at first to just get the shop and the stock. Even a window cleaner would need finance to buy equipment such as ladders and buckets. But this can be taken onto a larger scale, as all businesses need finance at some point. Different sources of finance The report will now list the different sources of finance available, starting with sources available to small and new businesses to sources only obtainable to big companies. outside(a) Sources of Finance This source of finance comes from outside the business and involves the business owing money to an outside individual(s) or companies. Personal Savings This mainly applies to sole traders, partnerships and small private companies. Owners may use some of their own money as capital to invest in the business. Usually this option is used by the person(s) who will... ...business cast * Details of how much finance is needed and how it will be used * The most recent trading figures of the company, a balance sheet, a cash flux forecast and a profit forecast * Details of the management team, with evidence of a wide range of management skills * Details of major shareholders * Details of the companys flowing banking arrangements and any other sources of finance * Any sales literature or publicity material that the company has issued. A high percentage of requests for venture capital are rejected on an initial screening. Thus only a small percentage of all requests survive both this screening and further investigation and result in actual investments. Recent successes in this area if financing include the internet search engine Google.

A Doll’s House by Henrik Isben Essay -- English Literature Essays

A Dolls provide by Henrik Isben A Dolls House by Henrik Isben is closely a young woman and her life. The main characters have is Nora Helmer. She is married to a bank manager named Trovald. In the early years of their marriage vindicatory after their first child Trovald becomes ill. Doctors say that he will not live unless he goes abroad immediately. Nora takes it upon herself and borrows two hundred and fifty pounds from a cash leader named Krogstad. She was dishonest with Trovald and said her father gave it to her. It was illegal because she forged her dying fathers signature on the document. Nora Helmer in a A Dolls House is a women ahead of her time. In order to protect her children from a false life, she inflicts tragedy upon herself by leaving every thing she has by walking away. She puts herself in this tragic situation by not being honest. Nora lies to herself and the ones she cares about. Before she leaves her life is not her own person she is carrying on life as a role . reservation others happy, instead of herself.As the play goes on, Nora seems to transform from her delicate little character into something much more. At the end of act one, Krogstad goes to Nora for the recollection of the money she had borrowed from him. You dont mean that you will tell my husband that I owe you money? (21). Since Nora was wrong in doing so well-disposedly, she could not tell Torvald or anyone else about her problem. non only would that affect their social standard but also Torvalds ego, which inevitably would happen anyway. After Krogstad threatens to expose Nora for forging her fathers signature, she realizes that no matter what she does Torvald was going to sleep together the truth. The flaw within this patriarchal framework becomes apparent when Nora discovers that she has no legitimate name of her own. She can use neither her married name nor her maiden name to borrow money. She finds that she cannot appropriate her fathers name. In other words, as a ma rried woman she has neither authority nor identity. Panic begins to set in and she begins to feel befuddled because she has no power to do anything about the situation.In act two Nora continues to act as she is supposed to, as a perfect housewife. She confides in her admirer Mrs. Linde about her problem with Krogstad for the first time, which shows that she is starting to fragmentise free from Torvald and think for herself. Knowing th... ... all my very own (62) ? By walking out she takes a position equal to her husband and brakes societys expectations.When we learn that the representation for Nora was intelligent and ambitious everything falls in to place. There is no need to wonder about motivation or changes of character sudden disclosure. The story A Dolls House is believable. It stands for every marriage where equality never took place. Many women knew their social status and lived as they were meant to, but for the few that realized there was more to the world then the she ltered life they were living, broke free. Nora was one of the women who knew her place and acted because until she saw that her name had no real value. She was not looked at as an individual, but she was seen as her fathers daughter or her husbands wife. The turning point for her decision to break free from this world and start her own life is very believable. She comes to see that her marriage isnt real. Nora no longer retires her husband and knows that he does not truly love her as well. She knows that there is so much more to discover in the world to understand, and until she does she will not allow another man to control her life.

Jamestown, 1607 :: essays research papers

Its 1607, Jamestown, and you are there....Relive the adventure of 1607 when 104 sidemen dropped anchor and began to build Americas first permanent English colony in Jamestown, Virginia. Explore manners at the dawn of the 17th century inside the palisade of a re-created colonial fort, discover the world of Pocahontas in the Powhatan Indian village, and witness the four-month passage to the New World on board re-creations of the three ships that brought the settlers to Virginia. Extensive indoor galleries tell the compelling stories of Jamestown, from its beginnings in England through with(predicate) its often turbulent first century, and of Virginias Powhatan Indians. The dramatic film, Jamestown The Beginning, chronicles the endurance of the first settlers as they struggled to build a lasting colony.James FortWithin the re-created fort, flavour back in time to the 17th century. pick up on armor, watch a musket-firing demonstration, and discover how the colonists lived and work ed.Powhatan Indian VillageLearn about the culture of Pocahontas race in this re-created village. Explore the Powhatan houses, called yehakins, climb into a dugout canoe and try your hand at grinding corn or weaving demonstrate fibers into rope. ShipsAboard the Susan Constant, Godspeed or Discovery, get a sense of how the colonists may have felt as they crossed the Atlantic in the early 17th century. Try your hand at steering with a whipstaff or tiller. Examine the contents of a sailors "see" chest on the pier, and participate in periodic demonstrations of encumbrance and sail handling.GalleriesThe museum galleries recount the history of the colony through exhibits of 16th- and 17th-century artifacts and illustrations. The English verandah examines the conditions that led to American colonization. The Powhatan Indian Gallery explores the people who inhabited coastal Virginia when the Jamestown colonists arrived. The Jamestown Gallery traces the first century of the Virgini a colony while Jamestown served as its capital.Its 1781, Yorktown, and you are there....The drama of the American Revolution and the birth of a great nation come to life at Yorktown Victory Center. In provocative indoor galleries, witness the Revolution through the eyes of those who were therefrom soldiers on the battlefields to women on the home front, from American Indians to African Americans. The evocative film, A Time of Revolution, places you in a Continental Army encampment where soldiers spend an evening reminiscing and musing on their lives and the war that has brought them together. Outdoors, experience the sights and sounds of the Revolutionary War in the re-created Continental Army encampment.

An Exposition of Kant’s, Arendt’s, and Mill’s Moral Philosophy Essay

An Exposition of Kants, Arendts, and factorys Moral PhilosophyImmanuel Kant adheres to Deontological ethics. His theory offers a view of exampleity based on the rationale of good will and transaction. According to him, people can perform good actions solely by good intentions without any considerations to consequences. In addition, one must stick to the laws and the categorical imperative in order to act in accordance with and from duty. Several other philosophers such as Hannah Arendt discuss Kants moral philosophy. In her case study The Accused and Duties of a Law-Abiding Citizen, Arendt examines how Adolf Eichmanns actions conformed to Kants moral precepts but also how they ran of afoul to his conception of duty. In contrast, John Stuart Mill adopts a teleological view of moral philosophy. He exposes his view of consequentialism and utilitarianism to argue that an action is mor whollyy right only to the extent that it maximizes the aggregate happiness of all parties involved regardless of the motive. In the present paper, I will expose Kants moral precepts and the importance of duty in his Deontological principles. Then, I will appraise Arendts report on Adolf Eichmann to analyze the ways in which his actions were in accordance to or against Kants moral philosophy. I will conclude my reciprocation with an evaluation of Mills approach to morality in order to examine the differences between his teleological philosophy and Kants ethical principles.Kants moral philosophy is based on the categorical imperative (CI), good will, and duty. According to the CI, it is an absolute necessity, a command that humans should accord with universalizable maxims to treat people as ends in themselves and exercise their will without any concerns ab... ... In conclusion, Kant, Arendt, and Mill hold different moralities. The three philosophers all have different ways to analyze and encompass ethical principles. They all base their views on varying concepts of morality. Ka nts deontological ethics is grounded on concepts of duty, the categorical imperative, and good will. Similarly, Arendt utilizes Kants categorical imperative and idea of duty to share her account of Adolf Eichmanns trial. She recognizes that even though Eichmann attempted to live according to a Kantian definition of duty, his behavior did not fit Kants moral precepts. Mill, contrastingly, holds a teleological philosophy and uses the concept of consequentialism and utilitarianism to argue against Kants morality. In any case, the three philosophers bring thoughtful ethical philosophical concepts which pull up stakes new ways to analyze moral conflicts.

Youth Gangs and Violence In Schools Essays -- Youth Gangs Essays

The theme, which I have decided to research and base my portfolio on, is younker Gangs and Violence In Schools. The term Youth is defined by the Compact Oxford English vocabulary as the period between childhood and adulthood and is also commonly used as a noun to describe newborn people. The same dictionary defines a Gang as an organised group of criminals or disorderly young people. Youth gangs be groups of young people who assemble and often engage in criminal and illegal activities such as graffiti, vandalism, theft, robbery and violent activities including, gang fights and brawls. The Compact Oxford English Dictionary defines violence as behaviour involving physical force intended to hurt, damage or kill. Violent acts committed by gang members are often through with the intention of causing physical and or psychological trauma/ injury to persons. These acts include bullying, threatening, inflicting physical injury or applying any physical forc e, which hurts a person, the throwing of objects and missiles at or towards persons, destruction of a victims property or any type of sexual abuse and sexual harassment. ====================================================================== Nowadays, there is a puny minority of students attending elementary and more so secondary schools who are forming gangs. The growth of gang culture has not only occurred in places like the linked States of America and Great Britain, but also in smaller lesser-developed countries in the Caribbean. ====================================================================== Sad to say, Gang Violence in my very own school is on the rise. As re... ... In conclusion, neither the level nor incidence of school violence and gang culture has yet gripped the Caribbean as it has elsewhere. However, the youths here are influenced by the regulate fertilization of contemporary social behaviour as depicted in songs, music videos (M TV BET VH1) films and literature. American culture is dominant and is very influential on Caribbean society. The two pieces are good starting points. They are informative, well written and documented. The level and type of violence, which is emerging here has American influence and thus the studies are relevant, though not in all respects. Our socio-economic and demographic factors are quite different. Both studies are well written, clear and easy to follow and can doubtlessly assist the reader, as it did me, in my research on this topic.

A Migrant’s Diary

undecomposed Diary,Hello, my name is Lucas and I am a migrant. I am the oldest of eight children and we live on a sharp farm in the Hills of Kenya. Tomorrow I exit have to leave my Family to move to the capital city Nairobi. Here I work on our venial patch of land with my Mother and Father, the only problem is that everything is getting worse. T here(predicate) are so many in my Family that we havent got enough food to feed everyone. That is why I must go. I bequeath try to find work to earn some money and then maneuver it too my Family to help them. We commit on the Weather to be able to set out crops only when this is normally not very successful. The weather here is very bad for our crops because mostly on that point are either Droughts or Floods.The condition of the soil is very poor and our crops die very quickly. Because we live on high land it is hard to grow crops because of all the slopes. I am very excited to go because I will foretastefully be able to help my Fa mily that also a bit worried because maybe I will not even find a Job. I have heard that Nairobi has quite a lot of jobs on offer so I hope I will find one. Very many people live out here in the Countryside but not very many people live in the city. More and much Migrants handle me are moving to the City. I hope the People in Nairobi will be nice to me and not make me feel down. I do not like to leave my Family but I have to, so that they will be able to survive. I must go now to get ready for Tomorrows leave.GoodbyeLucasDear Diary,I have just arrived in Nairobi and I am very impressed at what it looks like. The Journey here was very long, Tiring and bumpy and I am glad I have got some fresh air to breathe now. I am now waiting for my cousin to meet me here. to the highest degree buildings here are very small and are made of Iron. It looks quite uninfected here but there are a lot of wads of rubbish outside the Houses. The people here wear much better quality clothes and they look a lot richer than I do. The city is reinforced on very low Land and so it is very easy to build phratrys.There are some higher buildings but I cannot touch any Skyscrapers of any kind. There is a lot more Traffic here than were I used to live. The people here look much more busy and I cannot see any Farms. I think they work in Offices, Hospitals, Schools and shops. I have a lot of hope that I will get a Job even if it is only small but I need to save my Family. The City looks much bigger than the Countryside. There seem to be a lot of People crowded in one little space. I hope that my cousin will inject soon because I am starting too feel very nervous. Oh, there she comes, I will write to you later.Goodbye.LucasDear Diary,I am now in my cousins house and I am not very pleased. I thought that I would live in a really nice house, because my uncle told me that she was doing really well but it doesnt seem like it. The House is very clean but very small. She calls it a shanty ho use and there is lots of rubbish outside and a river of sewage is running outside. There is no Electricity or clean Water and I cant believe anybody could live like this. The Walls are made from flub and the Roof from Iron. It is very hot in the day and very cold at night. There are a lot more Jobs here, which is what I was feel for, but the ground here is not ideal for farming either. I have written a letter to my Family describing what it is like and that I am searching for a Job. Every day I go out and look for a Job, but it is very hard as I am a Migrant. The Offices, Schools, Hospitals and Shops are a lot cleaner than the Shanty Houses. Well I will write more Later.Goodbye.LucasDear Diary,I have now been looking for a Job for 4 weeks and I became very desperate. My Family have been asking whats going on and I told them that I couldnt find anything, but my cousin was aid me. It is very hard to find a Job because all I know about is farming and there are no Farms in the City. that yesterday a man came up to me and asked if I would like to work for his cleaning Company. I was so pleased that I said yes without Thinking First. I am so happy that I have found a Jog.I only get paid very poorly but it is cool off better than working on the Farm. I will get my first amount of money next week and that Money will go direct to My Family. I have already sent them a Letter. I work as a cleaner on the streets of Kibera and have to fragment up the ice that is left in front of all the Houses. It is not very nice to do but I need to bring some money to the Family. I hope that they will be Pleased with the Amount I send. Being a Cleaner is very hard work and I work 11 Hours a day. All the rubbish outside the Houses makes me feel a bit sick but apart from that Im O.K. I will write more later.Goodbye.LucasDear Diary,I have know been working for 3 Month and have been sending Money to my Family every Week. My sister said that she is very impressed and wants to come to work here as well. I wrote a Letter to her that said something like this.Dear Sister,I am very pleased to hear that you would like to come and live with me and help me. I must tell you though that the City isnt as dandy as you think. The shanty houses are very clean inside but very Dirty outside. As I have previously told you I am a Cleaner and I have to pick up all the Rubbish people leave outside. You might need to get the same Jog as me but if you are Lucky you will get a Different one. Working here is great but very Hard.I hope you will come so that we can send even more money to the Family and maybe sometime I could pay them a Visit when you are working. If you tell me when you will arrive then I can come and Pick you up at the Bus Station. I hope the whole Family is well. Please write back as soon as Possible, to tell me all Information. There are a lot more Shops here and better health care. Please come to visit because I am starting too fell very Lonely. Even though I live with my Cousin Im still Lonely because I never see her as she is working at Night and I am working at Day. The City is very nice and Different so Please Come to Visit.Goodbye,Your crony Lucas.I am so happy because she wants to come and Visit me. I am really starting too fell Lonely and It would be great if she came, so I am holding Fingers crossed. I am sorry but I will have to go to work now.

The Influence of Michael Jordan in the World of Sports

When someone says the name Michael Jordan, the first thing that efficiency come to mind is basketball, Nike shoes, or Wheaties. Through the years Michael Jordan has proved cadence and time again that he is the greatest basketball player perpetually and by doing that he has gained tremendous popularity end-to-end the world. People of all ages and from all areaalities carry gathered to watch him play. Even your Aunt Matilda, who might not know anything ab protrude basketball, liked watching him play, express Daniel. He has dumbfound more than just an entertainer, he is a hero and a role model. It has been said Hes the most famous Ameri fucking in the World (Daniel.)After attractive his sixth National Basketball Association Championship, Michael Jordan has decided to walk away from the world of basketball for the second time in his life. Why would the greatest player to ever play the game leave at the highest point of his c areer? He claims the sport is no protracted a chall enge to him. After his many awards, trophies and titles this is not hard to comprehend. At this time in his life, Jordan wants to devote all of his time to his friends and family. at present that he has unexpended-hand(a) the world of basketball a great void has been left. more questions charter rose as to what is going to happen now that hes gone. What testament happen with the NBA? What will happen to the Chicago Bulls dynasty? Who will be the next Michael Jordan? Could there ever be another Michael Jordan?The first thing any reason fitted person would ask is how could Jordan leave basketball and walk away from all of that money? Last year he was the highest paid basketball player in NBA history. But in dollar terms, Jordan was even more successful as a corporate spokesman, which earned him $45 million in 1998, than he was on the basketball court in which he earned $35 million. (Peyser.) Jordan currently does endorsements for thirteen companies. Out of all the companies, Nik e pays the most for his endorsements at $16 million per year.Jordan is by further the best endorser out there in the market. Many of the celebrities cant compare to Jordan. Hes handsome, articulate, classy. He had purity to his mathematical operation on court and off. Its hard to find the perfect celebrity these days, said Peyser. With such slogans as Be Like Mike and Its gotta be the shoes, companies be in possession of attempted to make consumers believe that if they buy their products they too can be as great as Michael Jordan.Now that Jordan has left the NBA, many are speculating on how well his endorsements will do. Experts say that a fall behindd athlete even Jordan cant compete with a guy whos still winning championships. With the sports-marketing business already in a slump, there may be no heirs to Air Jordan (Peyser.) Even though Jordan has left the basketball court, hes not going to leave Hollywood anytime soon. thither are plans being made to have Jordan star in at least two films notwithstanding this time he will be acting with a real cast as apposed to the cartoon cast he starred with in home Jam. He should play a character like James Bond, suggests movie critic Gene Siskel, a rabid Bulls fan. Id pay to let out him before Pierce Brosnan any day, wouldnt you?Michael Jordan has made a huge impact on the NBA. He has won six NBA championships in the last cardinal years, ten scoring titles, enough Most Valuable Player awards to stock his own wing at the Hall of Fame, said Tresniowski. He is by far the greatest player to ever play the game. Many believe the NBA would not be where it is without him and now that hes gone many cant imagine basketball without him. E actuallyone is wondering, if there ever be another Michael Jordan. The chance of someone accomplishing the same great feats as Jordan is nearly impossible in at onces NBA. But that doesnt mean it wont happen. When Julius Erving left the league many people were asking the same question s. Will there ever be another Dr. J.? Jordan came along, and the rest is history.Ever since the baseball strike the NBA has tremendously gained in popularity, at one time many Americans where questioning, should basketball be the nations new past time? Lately, this attitude towards baseball has changed. Mark McGuire and Sammy Sosa have brought the life back to baseball with the breaking of the home run record. With the NBA struggle lockout that has canceled most of this season and now that Jordan has left the future of the NBA is yet to be determined. The outlook doesnt look good. With fear of a season cancellation due to contend over money, many fans have turned away from NBA basketball in disgust. The NBAs image has become tarnished.Todays NBA is nothing like how it was when Jordan came into the league. There is a new breed of players out there. Instead of the rising stars attending college, they are making the jump from high school straight to the NBA. Kobe Bryant is a primary example of this. The major difference between the stars of today and the superstars of yesterday is that many of todays stars wear offt even earn the right to be called stars. Glenn Robinson, now of the Milwaukee Bucks, was asking for a $100 million contract when he came out of Purdue, yet today he is barely worth $1 million. You dont ever want to say never, Starr says, but I dont hypothesize the NBA will ever again attain the doughnut it did with Michael.Even though Jordan was great, we cannot forget about his supporting cast. Without the team to back him up, Jordan would not have been able to accomplish half of what he has done. The Chicago Bulls have been labeled the Team of the 90s. No other team since the Boston Celtics has been able to win more than three championships in a row, but the Bulls have done it twice in the past eight years. They probably could have been champions for at least two more years if the team would have stayed hale and intact.By far, the Chicago Bull s have been hit the hardest with Jordans Retirement. The cause of the licentiousness of possibly the greatest team ever was rumored to be caused by clashes between the players and Bulls management. The breakup started when management wouldnt pay Phil Jackson what he deserved after bringing six NBA championships to the Bulls. Rather than coach another team, Jackson decided to retire to practice Zen Buddhism fulltime. When Jackson left, Jordan said he wouldnt play for a new coach. After Jordan left, basketball great, Scottie Pippen was traded to the Houston Rockets. Only four players of last years team still remain on the Chicago Bulls roster for this season. Many have made the prediction that the Bulls will lose more games in this shortened season than they did all last year (Stein.)Rebuilding the Chicago Bulls may turn out to be one of the biggest mistakes ever made by the Bulls organization. There will no longer be sell-out crowds every night, sales from Chicago Bulls merchandise will take a nose dive, and all the evenhandedly Weather Fans will move on to another team. It could take years and millions of dollars before the Bulls will even be able to compete for another title.Many wonder if Jordan will come back to the NBA, after all he did come back before. In 1993, after winning his first three championships, Jordan announced his retirement. He felt he had nothing left to prove and he wanted to try his luck in major league baseball. When his short-lived move in the minor leagues didnt work out he decided to return to the NBA, (Greene.)While, competition is what Jordan thrives on. It has had both a positive and a negative load on his life. Jordan being the very competitive person that he is, got in trouble when he was rumored to have a gambling addiction. Many feared that he might have been gambling on NBA games. However, all allegations of illegally betting on NBA games were false and with time Jordans image was rebuilt, (Greene.)The chances of Jordan co ming back to the NBA are very good. However, if he comes back it wont be as a player, his new role would be coach. This time he doesnt have a team to come back to. He is certainly not going to come back to the Bulls and wait for them to rebuild.Jordan will probably ever be remembered as the greatest. It will be a long time before anyone can accomplish half of what he has done. As far as the current NBA cast, the experts cant see anyone replacing him for a long time. Not only does it take the skills but it also requires a certain set of values to become a role model. Many stars of the NBA lack both of these qualities. But somewhere out there is a young child with dreams of becoming the next Michael Jordan. He is on every playground all around the world. He has the endless desire to make something out of himself. Basketball could be his only chance out of the current situation that he is in, and it is only a matter of time before he will have his big break, (Starr.)Some might think i ts hard to imagine the effects that one man can have on the game of basketball, but when you look at our society and how much we tend to focus on athletes in the sports world its really not that hard at all. Michael Jordan played more than the role of a basketball player. He was a hero, a product endorser, and a corner stone in a major corporation, and to the teams that he beat night after night, an enemy. Now that he is gone from the game no one really knows what will happen all anyone can do is speculate. Even though he has left the basketball court, chances are he wont be leaving your TV quite that soon.The people that will miss him the most are his origin teammates and the die-hard fans that loved to watch him night after night. The Chicago Bulls may never reach the greatness that they once achieved but they will always have the memories. Its hard to tell who will take Jordans place, it could be safe to say that no one will ever be able to, but that doesnt mean there wont be a nyone better than Jordan. Only time will tell.The die-hard Chicago Bulls fans will always hold a special place in their heart for Michael Jordan. They will tell their sons and daughters about him, they will get out the old VHS tapes of games that they have preserve and they will pass along the Basketball cards that will be worth hundreds of dollars. Those of us who have seen him play will always remember him and what he has done for the game of basketball. For those who havent, you will have to settle for the endless highlight reels and Nike commercials to keep his memory alive.

Financial Ratios and Stock Return: Evidence on selected Plantation Companies in Malaysia Essay

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK (UNIMAS)SEMESTER 2 2012/2013FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS (FEB)EBF 3183 FINANCE SEMINAR(Group ASSIGNMENT)fiscal Ratios and line of work product Evidence on selected Plantation Companies in MalaysiaNAMEVICTORIA AK JUTI 28578VENOSHNI A/P MANOGARAN 28577PHUA WEE WEE 27952TEOH CHIEN NI 28513LING LING26752 base1PROGRAMMEFINANCE monetary Ratio and Stock happen Evidence on selected Plantation Companies in Malaysia AbstractThis cover is to investigate the figureive ability of several fiscal proportionalitys for argumentation requite in Malaysia specifically in woodlet industry. 23 listed orchard companies were analysed for the period from 2008 to 2012. Four of the common fiscal balances were take into conside symmetryn in this study. These financial ratios include dividend make up (DY), book to mart place place ratio (B/M), earning per shargon (EPS), and tauten sizing. Pool ordinary least squ atomic number 18s retroflection (OLS) method is adop ted to estimate the prognosticative regression. The descriptive statistics indicate that at that place is a disconfirmingly charged relationship between the strung-out variable and the two self-sufficient variables include B/M and EPS. In contrast, the securely sizing and DY is positive correlated with the storage up parry. In addition, the empirical results indicate that dividend defer is the vanquish predictor on form devolve in the mount of Malaysias orchard sector.Section 1 creative activityIntroductionResearch on predicting furrow returns using various variables such as inflation, accuracy of disclosure of public schooling, discount rates are widely discussed in prehistorical studies. Return is something that investor expects to achieve on their original investment in the approaching. Alternatively, financial ratios have provided investors an opposite method in predicting the filiation return. Previously, financial ratios are utilise to evaluate consumm ation of a comp some(prenominal). So far, numerous studies on stockpile return and financial ratios have conducted based on different sectors over the countries. However, the research on plantation sector is limited. Therefore, our main focus of this research is to determine the connection between financial ratio and stock return in the Malaysia stock market particularly in the plantation industry.The reason plantation sector is chosen as our focus in this research is due to the growing of global demand in plantation. Presently, plantation is one of the major contributors in the economy of Malaysia amongst the sectors. In Malaysia, oil palm industry is currently the second largest export revenue earner for Malaysia afterwards the electrical and electronics (E&E) sector. mingywhile, Malaysia is to a fault known as the worlds top exporter of palm oil which exported to several countries such as China, India, the European Union (EU) and Pakistan. Essentially, plantation sector is ex pected to rise in the future. In this study, we examine how the stock return rout out be predicted by using the financial ratio. 23 of plantation listing firms in Bursa Malaysia are selected as our research entropy. Meanwhile, the period we take into consideration is over the period from 2008 to 2012.The purpose of this research is to determine the predictability of financial ratio to the stock returns specifically in the plantation sector. By this research, we intend to provide an abstract of forecasting stock return using financial ratio. fiscal ratios that normally used to forecast the stock return are the dividend fail (DY), book to market ratio (B/M), and firm coat. However, we extend the study by adding another financial ratio in predicting the stock return which is the earning per share. The empirical visualizeings of this study indicate that financial ratios do have the predicting power on stock return in Malaysias plantation industry. Meanwhile, the results also show that firm size of it has the satisfyingest forecasting power amongst the four variables.Therefore, we can conclude that our findings are somehow in inception with past studies conducted by Fama and French (1988) which revealed that dividend ante up was a good forecasting beak in predicting stock return in China, Canada and U.S stock market. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we discussed the previous studies and provide a review of existing literature regarding on predictive ability of financial ratios for stock return. Data and methodology for constructing stock return predictors is discussed in the third section. Section four reveals the empirical findings and lastly followed by conclusion.Objective of studyMainTo predict stock return using financial ratiosGeneralTo reveal more information regarding financial ratio acts as the predictor of stock return. To investigate how world-shaking is the selected variables in forecasting the stock return. To determine which commutative variables has greater predictive power.Significance of studyInvesting in stock market is risky. Therefore, a predicting tool is important for a wise investor to estimate the appropriate return of an investment. This research is significance in revealing the use of financial ratio as a forecasting tool of stock return. Previously, studies on the determinant of stock return are widely discussed by many of the researchers from all over the world. This study also tends to streamlet whether our empirical results are parallel with previous research. Financial ratio is one of the most common tools that act as a financial analysis to compare the cognitive operation between companies or between industries.Currently, financial ratio analysis is not only can be used to evaluate the performance of company but also a predictor tool of the stock return. Financial ratio is computed through the items presented in financial statement of the company. For instance, fi nancial ratio can be divided into several categories such as market debt ratio, liquidity ratio, profitability ratio, investment ratio and others. In addition, this study also acts as guidance and reference for furtherresearch on similar topic. By referring this study, interested investor and researcher can apply different indicator, and other relevant factors to do further research.Theoretical FrameworkSection 2 Literature ReviewIn this section is described the results of some of the most important researches which conducted in the context of financial ratios and the stock return. The financial ratios as empirical predictors of stock returns in the selected 23 plantations companies listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange during the period 2008 to 2012. For this research, we used stock price as a dependent variable while dividend yields, book market, earning per share and addition size as independent variables. Stock returns, dividend yield (DY), addition size, earning yield (EY) an d book-to-market ratio (B/M) have a strong theoretical background based on the predictive simulates. Some of the studies such as Fama and French (1988), Stattman (1980), Kothari and Shanken (1997) has through research on predictive variables, including, dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size forecast stock return. Hodrick (1992), Fama and French (1988) has been study that DY has the predictive power on stock returns, as the relationship between DY and return are developed by the appealing patterns. Moreover, DY track translation in return and can predict future return in 36 international markets. To illustrate the predictive power of DY, they introduced an explosive new evidence to emend the predictive ability of financial ratios especially DY during 55 years.Therefore, DY is regarded as a good predictor of stock returns in China, Canada and U.S stock market. Consequently, the DY as a strong predictor can contribute to stock return predictability. Banze (1981) and Reinganum (1981) engraft out that relationship between sizes (market repute) has a epoch-making yield on stock return. Smaller companies have more return than bigger companies. It is because first, intentional or unintentional errors are less likely to happen because of installing strong internal controlling systems in big companies, consequently audits can rely more on the company internal controlling systems and decrease increasingly the list of content test. Second, big companies can recruit more accountants with more expertise andhigher education, and more advanced informational systems. According to study done by Fama and French (1988), they presented a firm background for the relationship between market size and stock return. Fama and French using Running single and multiple tests, they found a positive relationship between markets size and stock return.In fact, they doubt on beta sensitivity in capital assets pricing modeling, and generally stock return. Sta ttman (1980) has done study on indicated the positive relationship between return and the book-to-market ratio (B/M). Considerable evidence they suggested that BM ratios are related to future returns, and denoted the predictive power of B/M ratio on stock returns caused by the relationship between book look upon and future cabbage, and provided evidence that the B/M ratios predict negative expected returns and track variation in return. The results of recent survey confirmed previous results that the BM ratio is positively related to stock returns. According to Hakkio and Rush (1991) have study on the relationship between stock return and earnings per share. They found that the subdivision do not improve the test power. Besides, in that location exists a non-stationary problem for stock prices and EPS, the non-stationary may lead to the problem of spurious regression for previous studies. Auret and Sinclaire (2006) has been studied the relationship between the ratio of book value to market value (BTM) and stock return in the years 1990 to 2000 in the companies listed in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). In this study is used from the ratio of book value to market value (BTM), price to Earnings (P/E), dividend yield (DY), and firm size as independent and control variables.The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the ratio of book value to market value and stock return. But there is no significant relationship between the ratio of price to earnings and stock returns. According to Kheradyar, Ibrahim and Mat (2011) has been study on investigated the role of financial ratios as empirical predictors of stock returns in the 100 companies listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange during the period 2000 to 2009. In their study is used from the variables of dividend yield (DY), earnings yield (EY) and phonograph recording-to-market ratio (BTM) as financial ratios to predict stock returns. To estimate the regression model u sed from panel data and generalized least squares (GLS) methods. Research findings indicate that there is a significant and positive relationship between financial ratiosand stock return of next year. Also, the results showed that the ratio of book value to market value is superior against dividend yield and earnings yield in explaining stock return of next year. Lau, Lee and Mclnish (2002) has been study on the relationship between stock returns and systematic risk with firm size, the ratio of book value to market value of equity, price to earnings ratio, the ratio of cash flow to price and sale growth in two Malaysia and Singapore.Their studied sample is 82 companies listed in the Singapore Stock Exchange and 163 companies listed in the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange during the period 1988-1996. Results for Singaporean companies are indicating that there is no significant relationship between the ratio of book value to market value (BTM) and earnings to price ratio (E/P) with stock returns. The results for Malaysian companies show that there is significant and positive relationship between the ratio of earnings to price (E/P) and stock returns. But the relationship between the ratio of book value to market value (BTM) and stock returns is not significant. Kothari and Shanken (1997) has been study on the relationship between the ratio of book value to market value and dividend yield with the expected market return. Results have shown that there is a significant and positive relationship between the ratio of book value to market value (BTM) and the dividend yield with market returns of future year.Also, the results indicate the superiority of book value to market value ratio against dividend yield in explaining future market returns. According to study done by Fama and French (1988), Hodrick (1992) and Stambaugh (1999) have shown that the variables of earnings to price ratio, the ratio of dividends to the price and short-term interest rates can better predict st ock returns. As a conclusion, financial theories lay great emphasis on the role of risk in stock returns so the relationship between stock returns and financial ratios is because the ratios captured information about the risk. Therefore, these three financial ratios are supported by financial theoretical basis.Section 3 Data and MethodologyData Collection MethodsThe data collected are mainly from secondary data. The secondary data that used in this paper are included the closing price, dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size of each plantation company fromyear 2008 to 2012. These closing prices will be collected from yahoo finance but for the dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size will be collected from data stream.Target PopulationThe secondary data will be used in this paper to test whether dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size forecast stock return or not. Therefore, the 23 stocks listed on Bursa Malays ia will be obtained. They are included 1 UNITED MALACCA2 NPC RESOURCES3 KWANTAS4 SARAWAK OIL PALMS5 TH PLANTATIONS6 TSH RESOURCES7 CEPATWAWASAN GROU8 CHIN TECK PLANTATIONS9 KIM LOONG RESOURCES10 FAR EAST HOLDINGS11 KLUANG RUBBER12 NEGRI SEMBILAN OIL PALMS13 SUNGEI BAGAN RUBBER14 UNICO-DESA PLANTATIONS15 GOLDEN LAND16 RIVERVIEW RUBBER ESTS.17 UNITED PLANTATIONS18 TRADEWINDS PLANTATION19 MHC PLANTATIONS20 IJM PLANTATIONS21 HAP SENG PLTNS.HDG22 CHIN TECK PLANTATIONS23 GENTING PLANTATIONSData AnalysisThe collected data were canvass by using Microsoft Excel and Eview.Microsoft Excel will be used to calculate the stock returns for each stock for a period of around 5 years which are the year from 2008 to 2012. Besides, pool ordinary least squares regression, descriptive statistic, correlation and Hausman test from Eview will be used to run the result of our research. mutualist variablea. Stock returnThe correspond stock return can be gain through the appreciation in the price plus any di vidends paid and then divided by the original price of the stock. The dividends can include any of the income sources from a stock. Commonly, it is increase in value. Thus, the first portion of the numerator of the total stock return formula is looks at how much the value has increased (P1 P0). Then, it needs to remind that the denominator of the formula which is use to calculate a stocks total return is considered as the original price of the stock which is used due to being the original amount invested. Total stock return cipher as followTotal stock return =where= Ending stock price (period 1)= Initial stock priceD = DividendsIndependent variableb. Dividend yieldUsually, a financial ratio can be used to show how much a company pays out in dividends each year which is carnal knowledge to its share price. Therefore, it can be said that the dividend yield is the return on investment for a stock in the absence of any capital gains. Dividend yield is calculated as followsDividend yi eld = Annual dividends per share / Price per share c. Book to marketSometimes, we also use a financial ratio to find the value of a company. It can be found by comparing the book value of a firm to its market value. Bookvalue can be calculated by looking at the firms historical cost or accounting value. On the other hand, market value is determined in the stock market through its market capitalization. Book value is calculated as followsBook to market = Book value of firm / grocery store value of firmd. Earnings per shareThe earnings per share (EPS) can be defined as the portion of a companys earnings, net of taxes and preferred stock dividends. Usually, all of them are allocated to each share of common stock. EPS is calculated as followsEPS = Net earnings / Outstanding sharese. Asset sizeAsset size is defined as the total of the current assets and the non-current assets which is holding by a company. Asset size is calculated as followsAsset size = total assetPool OLS regressionSto ck return = + (dividend yield) + (book to market) + (earning per share) + (asset size) + Pool OLS is to measure whether there is positive or negative relationship between dependent variable (stock return) and independent variable (dividend yield, book to market, earning per share and asset size). R-squared is the total variation dependent Y is explained by the total variation of independent X. F-statistic is to test whether the overall goodness of fit is good or not. The significant level is set at 1%, 5% or 10%.descriptive StatisticDescriptive statistic is to provide simple summarizes about the sample and the observation that have been made like mean and median.CorrelationThe correlation is called the correlation coefficient (or r). It ranges from -1.0 to +1.0. If r is coda to 0, it means there is no relationship between the variables. If r is positive, it means that as one variable getslarger the other gets larger. If r is negative it means that as one gets larger, the other get s smaller (often called an inverse correlation).Hausman testHausman test is usually applied to test for fixed versus random effects models. Ho Cov (i, xit) = 0 (Random Effect)H1 Cov (i, xit) 0 (Fixed Effect)If the p-value is lower than 0.01, we reject Ho. This indicated that the fixed effects model is preferred. If p-value greater than 0.01. We do not reject Ho. This means that the random effect is preferred. Random effect model is to utilize in meta-analysis. It is using both study sampling error and variances. The variations between studies are included in the assessment of the uncertainty or confidence interval of the results of a meta-analysis. In addition, random effects model is apply when there is no correlation between the regresses and the individual effects.On the other hand, fixed effect model stipulates the units under analysis such as people in a trial or study in a meta-analysis are the ones of interest. Thus, this model constitutes the entire population of units. The variation between the estimates of effect from each study name as heterogeneity. It does not allude the confidence interval. Besides, this model is applied when there is allow for arbitrary correlation between the regresses and the individual effects.Section 4 Data and Empirical ResultsResearch FindingsDescriptive statisticsVariablesNMeanMaximumMinimumStandard DeviationStock Return1150.0693041.170000-0.6000000.308345Dividend yield1153.35643510.310000.3700002.220661Earnings per share1150.3453041.8000000.0400000.300544Book to market value1151.1934782.9500000.3400000.542936Firm Assets11513.6443315.3614412.017380.816106From the table above, on average or the mean stock return level for firms is 0.07% with a maximum value of 1.17% from 2008 to 2012. As we can see, average dividend yield for the plantation firms in Malaysia is the highest which mean 3.36% return of plantation firms in Malaysia are generated by dividend yield. Looking for the earnings per share, it shows low earningsper common share. On average Malaysian plantation firms only make earnings about 0.04% and the highest is 1.8%. This amount of earnings per share is very low compared to the dividend yield. average book to market value is 1.19% with a maximum value of 2.95%.Firm asset is one of the most important bank specific variables that will affect stock return. Total assets value for Malaysian plantation firms ranges from 12.02% to 15.36%. The range is big and this may due to the sample firms having operated for different lengths of time.CorrelationSRDYEPSLSIZEMVBSR1.000000DY0.1882561.000000EPS-0.0481400.0841591.000000LSIZE0.055228-0.1502090.2393081.000000MVB-0.313238-0.0145580.3830260.5093931.000000The stock returns for two variable that is earning per share and market to book value are moving in totally opposite direction linearly. These are because the correlation between stock return and earning per share and also the correlation between stock return and market to book value are negative relat ionships which are -0.05 and -0.3. On the other hand, the correlation between stock return and total asset and also the correlation between stock return and dividend yield are positively correlated which are 0.05 and 0.19. As a conclusion, based on the result above the dividend yield recorded the strongest correlated to stock return.Pooled middling Least SquareDependent Variable Stock ReturnVariablesCoefficientStd.Errort-StatisticProbabilityC-1.4240240.492529-2.8912470.0046DY0.0315440.0119732.6346310.0096EPS0.0442590.0945780.4679690.6407LSIZE0.1251670.0377343.3170730.0012MVB-0.2812400.058763-4.7860120.0000R-squared0.214105Adjusted R-squared0.185527F-statistic7.491945Prob(F-statistic)0.000022SR= -1.4240 + 0.0315 DY + 0.0443 EPS + 0.1252 LSIZE 0.2812 MVB whereSR = Stock ReturnDY = Dividend YieldEPS = Earnings Per ShareLSIZE =Log Firm SizeMVB = Book to Market ValueThe intercept value of -1.4240 means that if the all independent variable are zero, the stock returns will expected to be -1.4240. the R-squared is 0.2141 means that about 21.4% of the total variation dependent Y is explained by the total variation of independent X. the F-statistic is 0.000022 means thatthis regression model is statistically significant at 5% level of significant.Therefore, the overall goodness of fit is good. From this regression, dividend yield and firm size showed positive relationship to stock return as shown by the positive coefficient. Both variables of p-value are significant at 1% of significant level. There is negative relationship between book to market value as shown by negative coefficients and the p-value is significant at 1% of significant level. The relationship between stock return and earning per share is negative and the p-value is not significant at 10% of significant level.Fixed effect modelDependent Variable Stock returnVariableCoefficientStd. Errort-StatisticProbabilityC-4.2961622.324473-1.8482310.0679DY0.0405770.0203881.9902070.0497EPS-0.1531950.222027-0.6899830 .4920LSIZE0.3612560.1684482.1446180.0347MVB-0.5420550.096166-5.6366300.0000The table shows the dividend yield, earning per share, firm size and book to market value. The dividend yield, size and book to market value were found be significant, the p-value are 0.0497, 0.0347 and 0.0000 respectively which are significant at 5% of significant level. The earnings per share was found not be significant, since p-value is 0.4920 which is greater than 0.05. Thus, dividend yield, size and book to market value were impact on the stock return of Malaysian plantation sector.Random effect modelDependent Variable Stock returnVariableCoefficientStd. Errort-StatisticProbabilityC-1.4240240.450854-3.1585020.0020DY0.0315440.0109602.8781650.0048EPS0.0442590.0865750.5112260.6102LSIZE0.1251670.0345413.6236890.0004MVB-0.2812400.053791-5.2284100.0000The table shows the dividend yield, earning per share, firm size and book to market value. The dividend yield, firm size and book to market value were found be significant, the p-value are 0.0048, 0.0004 and 0.0000 respectively which are significant at 5% of significant level. The earnings per share was found not be significant, since p-value is 0.6102 which is greater than 0.05.Hausman testTest SummaryChi-Sq. StatisticChi-Sq. d.f.Prob.Cross-section random35.02119340.0000Hausman test is used to test hypotheses in terms of bias or unlikeness of an estimator. For this specification test, H0 and H1 areH0 Cov( , x ) = 0H1 Cov( , x ) 0The result of Hausman Test illustrated the p-value is 0.0000 which is smaller than 0.01. Therefore, it is statistically significant at 1% of significant level. Therefore, the slide fastener hypothesis is rejected and concludes that the fixed effect is preferred.Section 5 Summary and ConclusionThe purpose of this study is to investigate the predictive ability of the selected financial ratios on stock return in Malaysia specifically in plantation sector over the period from 2008 to 2012. Among the financial ratio s, three commonly used financial ratios are included which is the dividend yield, firm size, earning per share (EPS) and book to market ratio. As a result, this study has provided evidence that financial ratios played a significant role in predicting stock return. In addition, the empirical findings also revealed that dividend yield, book to market ratio and firm size have significant relationship on stock return of Malaysia plantation sector among the financial ratios. However, the research finding indicate that the dividend yield has the strongest forecasting ability on stock return and it is in line with the past studies by Fama and French (1988) who found out that there is a strong predictive power of dividend yield on stock return. In summary, this study powerfulness not applicable to other region or other industry. Nevertheless, it has provided better information regarding the forecasting power of financial ratio on stock return. Therefore, swither shall be made to explore f or further research in order to improve on previous work.ReferencesAbgineh, M. (2013). The Investigation of the Relation between Changes in Financial Ratios with Changes in Stock Returns on the Tehran Stock Exchange. diary of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(2), 473-479.Aono, K., & Iwaisako, T. (2010). Forecasting Japanese Stock Returns with Financial Ratios and Other Variables. Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, 18, 373384.Auret. C.J., & Sinclaire R.A. (2006). Book-to-market ratio and returns on the JSE.Investment Analysts ledger, 19, 31-38.Banze, R. (1981). The relationship between return and market value of common stocks. Journal of Financial Economics , 9, 3-18.Emamgholipour, M., Pouraghajan, A., Yadollahzadeh, T., Haghparast, M., & Shirsavar, A. (2013). The Effects of Performance Evaluation Market Ratios on the Stock Return Evidence from the Tehran Stock Exchange. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4 (3), 696-703.Fama, E. F., & French, K. (1988 ). Dividend yields and expected stock return. Journal of Financial Economics, 22, 3-25.Hodrick, R. (1992). Dividend yields and expected stock returns alternative procedures for inference and measurement. Review of Financial Studies, 5, 357-386.Hakkio, C. & Rush, M. (1991), Cointegration how short is the long run?, Journal of International Money and Finance, 10, 571-581.Kheradyar, S., Ibrahim, I., & Mat, N. F. (2011). Stock Return Predictability with Financial Ratios. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 2 (5), 391-396.Kothari, S. P., & Shanken, J. (1997). Book-to-market, dividend yield, and expected market returns a time series analysis. Journal of Financial Economics, 44, 169203.Lau, S.T., Lee, T.C. & McInish, T. H. (2002).Stock Returns and Beta, Firms Size, E/P, CF/P, Book to Market, and Sales Growth Evidence from Singapore and Malaysia. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 12, 207-222.Lewellen, J. (2002). Predicting Returns with Financial Ratios. MIT S loan School of Management. Working Paper 4374-02.Lewellen, J. (2004). Predicting Returns with Financial Ratios. Journal of Financial Economics, 74, 209235.McManus, P.A. (2011). Introduction to regression models for panel data analysis. Retrieved from http//www.indiana.edu/wim/docs/10_7_2011_slides.pdfReinganum, M.R. (1981). Misspecification of Capital Asset Pricing Empirical Anomalies based on earning yield and market values. Journal of Financial Economics, 9(1), 19-46.SAS Institute Inc. (2013). The model produce. Hausman specification test. Retrieved from http//support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/etsug/63348/HTML/default/viewer.htmetsug_model_sect050.htm.Stambaugh, R. (1999). Predictive regressions. Journal of Financial Economics 54, 375421.Stattman D. (1980). Book values and stock returns. The Chicago MBA A Journal of Selected Papers, 425-45.

Department of biology Essay

INTRODUCTIONEvery cells of living organism contains genetic materials known as deoxyribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid. It can be isolated from tissue try stunned of living things by separating it from other cellular component in a manner that still preserves its structures. The structure of desoxyribonucleic acid is double-stranded helices that made up from the monomer of nucleotides. Each of the nucleotides composed of three parts that be the phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar backbone and also nitrogenous establishs (Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine). This nitrogenous base argon arranged in sequence and holds the information and coding for controlling the material trait that we all have as well as the convention of our body. desoxyribonucleic acid rootage is simply a offset that results in separation of desoxyribonucleic acid from the cells or viruses that are hosting it. Through the meaning is simple but the process is not. When we go into the peculiar details of desoxyribonucleic acid blood line, we realize that its more of an initial stage in other intensive DNA evidenceing processes.DNA riddle could be per organise for any reason however for any DNA testing to happen the first stage normally is the isolation and extraction of DNA molecules from the cells that they reside in. DNA extraction follows a series of step, stripping all proteins from the DNA and the extraction protocols have to make sure that the DNA thus obtained via isolation and extraction is of high or acceptable quality. DNA isolation is a process of purification of DNA from sample using a combination of physical and chemical methods. Currently it is a routine procedure in molecular biology or forensic analysis. Primary structure consists of linear sequence of nucleotides that are linked together by phospodiester bonds. It is the linear sequence of nucleotides that make up the primary structure of DNA. Specific techniques must be chosen for isolation of DNA from some samples such as samples from microorganisms with thick cellular wall, for example yeast. Biological DNA represents the information which directs the functions of a living thing.A. Yeast DNA bloodlineMaterials 1 packet of dry yeast, Sodium chloride, Meat tenderiser, Ice cold 95% ethanol, Sunlight detergent, distilled water, blender, graduate cylinders ( 10mL, 100mL and 500mL ), Beaker ( 250mL, 100mL ), glass have-to doe withring rod and wooden sticks, 15mL test subway system, test tube rack, 1 ,l pipette and blue tips. Method1. 1 packet of dry yeast was miscellaneous with 40ml of 50C tap water. The yeast was stir to dissolve and the mixture was leave and covered for 20 minutes.2. Salt/detergent ascendent was prepared by adding 40 ml detergent and 40g NaCl to 360ml distilled water. The solution was mixed till dissolved.3. 5% meat tenderizer solutions were prepared by adding 5g of meat tenderizer to 80 ml of distilled water. The solution was top up to 100 ml with distilled water .*salt / detergent solution and meat tenderizer solution is prepared once for Part A, B and C. *alternatively, 5% meat tenderizer solution may be substitute with 100 ml of fresh papaya juice or pine apple juice.4. 40 ml of yeast mixture and 40 ml of salt/detergent solutions was placed in a blender and was blended at high speed for 2 minutes.5. The solution was pour into the beaker and 15ml of meat tenderizer solution was added. The solution was stir to mix.6. The mixture was leave at room temperature for 5 minutes.7. A cheese cloth was place over a extend funnel. The mixture was pour over the filter funnel and the resolve supernatant was collected.8. 3 ml of clear solutions was transfer into a 15ml tube.9. The test tube was canted to a 45 degree position. 3 ml of 95% ice cold ethanol was gently added to the side of the tube.10. The test tube was leave cool for 3-5 minutes. A layer will be formed in the tube.11. DNA precipitate was formed at the interphase layer. A wooden stick was used to fiddle with the DNA out Result Table A(i) Yeast DNA ExtractionB. Onion DNA ExtractionMaterials Fresh onion, salt detergent solution, meat tenderizer solution, ice cold 95% ethanol, distilled water, blender, graduated cylinders (10 ml and 100 ml), glass stirring rod and wooden sticks, 15 ml test tube, test tube rack, 1 ml pipette and blue tips.Method 1. The prepared salt/detergent solutions and meat tenderizer solution from part A was gathered.2. 3 modal(a) sized onions were cut into an inch third power and were placed in a blender.3. 100 ml of salt/detergent solution was added in a blender.4. The solution was blended at high speed for 2 minutes.5. A cheese cloth was placed over filter funnel. The mixtures were poured over the filter funnel and the clear supernatant was collected.6. The clear solution was transfer into a beaker and 30 ml of meat tenderizer solution was added.7. The mixtures were leave at room temperature for 5 minutes.8. 3 ml of clear solutions was tra nsfer into a 15 ml tube.9. The test tube was tilted to a 45 degree position. 3 ml of 95% ice cold ethanol was gently added to the side of the tube.10. The test tube was leave undisturbed for 3-5 minutes. A layer will be formed in the tube.11. DNA precipitate was formed at the interphase layer. A wooden stick was used to swirl the DNA out. Result Table B(i) Onion DNA ExtractionC. Apple and Orange DNA extractionMaterials Fresh apple, fresh orange, salt detergent solution, meat tenderizer solution, ice cold 95% ethanol, distilled water, blender, graduated cylinder ( 10 ml and 100 ml ), glass stirring rod and wooden sticks, 15 ml test tube, test tube rack, 1 ml pipette and blue tips. Methods 1. The prepared salt/detergent solutions and meat tenderizer solution from part A was gathered.2. An apple / orange were cut into an inch cube and were placed in blender.3. 100 ml salt/detergent solutions were added in a blender.4. The solution was blended at high speed for 2 minutes.5. A cheese cl oth was placed over filter funnel. The mixtures were poured over the filter funnel and the clear supernatant was collected.6. The clear solution was transfer into a beaker and 30 ml of meat tenderizersolution was added.7. The mixtures were leave at room temperature for 5 minutes.8. 3 ml of clear solutions was transfer into a 15 ml tube.9. The test tube was tilted to a 45 degree position. 3 ml of 95% ice cold ethanol was gently added to the side of the tube.10. The test tube was leave undisturbed for 3-5 minutes. A layer will be formed in the tube.11. DNA precipitate was formed at the interphase layer. A wooden stick was used to swirl the DNA out.Result Table C(i) Orange DNA ExtractionTable C (ii) Apple DNA Extraction outcome ALL OF EXPERIMENTSSampleExtractionAmountApple victoryLargeOnionSuccessSmallOrangeSuccessSmallYeastSuccessSmallDISCUSSIONBased on our experiment discussion, we obtained that the difference amount of DNA extraction from yeast, onion, apple and orange is differen t. The amount of apple DNA extraction is larger than onion, orange and apple DNA extraction.Each step of the process will help in a certain way to extract DNA, until we are finally successful in the end. In the yeast, extraction, the ethanol will be able to separate the DNA and it will float between the less expectant ethanol and the denser homogenizing mixture. In the onion DNA extraction, the chloroform and homogenizing medium will help break down the cell membranes and the ethanol like in the yeast DNA extraction. It will cause the DNA to separate and be suspended in the interface between the two solutions. It will be same to apple and orange DNA extraction.The precaution step on this experiments we tilt 45 to add the ethanol. This is because it will form a layer on top of the sample because the ethanol is less than water. So, it does will be on the top of layer. We also used 50 of hot water in yeast solution. Its will formed the best of result because hot water is the optimum t emperature for yeast. We also obtained about perceptions step why only clear solution produced in these experiments. Its means the extraction was failed.CONCLUSIONREFERENCEShttp//www.whatisdna.net/dna-extraction.htmlhttp//classic.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb5/Labs/DNA_Extraction_Lab/dna_extraction_lab.htmlpredictions http//sciencehk.weebly.com/lab-reports.htmlANSWER AND QUESTIONAnswer all the questions.1. Describe the functions of followinga. Applying blender to sample and salt/detergent solutionsStrain the DNA mixture.b. SaltSalty water helps the DNA precipitate (solidify and appear) when alcohol is added.c. DetergentDetergents are used to break down cell walls and nuclear membranes to release the DNA. They subject field by chemically poking holes in the cell membranes or walls. Once holes are poked in the membranes, the membranes can be further distrupted mechanically, as with a blander. later that, its easier to get the contents of the cell out, including the DNA,d. Meat tenderiz er solutionsMeat tenderizer acts as an enzyme. The DNA in the nucleus of the cell is moulded, folded, and protected by proteins. The meat tenderizer cuts the proteins away from the DNA.e. 95% ice cold ethanolHaving ice cold ethanol only improvers the rate of precipitation of DNA and helps increase yield of DNA. It can either use room temp or ice cold ethanol for DNA precipitation. Think about precipitation of a super concentrated solution as you decrease the temperature. As the temperature decreases, the amount of precipitation increases. Overall temperature affects solubility. As temperature decreases the substance becomes more insoluble (in general. this does not render to every molecule). So, ice cold EtOH allows for more DNA to interact together and allow for a more rapid and efficient precipitation of DNA.2. Compare the dependability amount of DNA obtained from all the samples. The reliability amount of DNA obtained from apple is much larger compared to Reliability amount of DNA from onion, orange and apple.3. Write out the principle involved in DNA extraction. Break open cells by mashing the fruit. Dissolve organelles and cell membranes with detergent. Separate DNA from proteins with salt Filter out the clumps with a coffee filter DNA precipitates in cold alcohol and is spooled out.

Fin515 Wk 4

7-2 Boehm Incorpo accountd is anticipate to pay a $1. 50 per percent dividend at the end of this form (i. e. , D1 = $1. 50). The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 7% a year. The requiredrate of returnon the stock, rs, is 15%. What is the value per share of Boehms stock? D1= $1. 50 per share g = 7% rs= 15% What is the value of a share of Boehm Stock? P0 = D1 /(rs g) P0 = 1. 50/(0. 15-0. 07) P0 = $18. 75 7-4 Nicks Enchiladas Incorporated has preferred stock outstanding that pays a dividend of $5 at the end of se tallyately year. The preferred sells for $50 a share.What is the stocks required rate of return? Dividend = $5 Preferred = $50 What is the stocks required rate of return P 0 = D/rs rs = D/P 0 rs = 5/50 rs = 0. 10 or 10% 7-5 A company before long pays a dividend of $2 per share (D0 = $2). It is estimated that the companys dividend will grow at a rate of 20% per year for the next 2 years, wherefore at a constant rate of 7% there aft(prenominal). The companys stock has a beta of 1. 2, the guess- free rate is 7. 5%, and the market risk bountifulness is 4%. What is your estimate of the stocks current set? D0 = $2. 00 g = 20% for 2 years g = 7% there after Bi = 1. 2 Rf = 7. 5%RPm = 4% Rs = Rf +(bi* RPm) Rs = 7. 5 +(1. 2*4) Rs = 12. 3 What is your estimate of the stocks current price? D0 $2. 00 g0 to 1 20. 0% g1 to 2 20. 0% gn 7. 0% rs 12. 3% Year 1 2 D1 D2 Expected dividends $2. 40 $2. 88 Expected P2 $58. 14 PV of expected dividends $4. 42 PV of expected P2 $46. 10 Expected P0 $50. 53 Problems (p. 371) 9-2 After-Tax exist of Debt LL Incorporateds currently outstanding 11% coupon bonds have a sanction to maturity of 8%. LL believes it could issue new bonds at par that would provide a similar yield to maturity. If its marginal tax rate is 35%, what is LLs after-tax cost of debt?After Tax cost of debt = rd * (1- tx rate) 0. 08 * (1 0. 35) = 0. 08 * (0. 65) = 0. 052 cause 5. 2% 9-4 Cost of Preferred Stock with Flottion Costs Bu rnwood Tech plans to issue some $60 par preferred stock with a 6% dividend. A similar stock is selling on the market for $70. Burnwood must pay flotation costs of 5% of the issue price. What is the cost of the preferred stock? E= Dividend/ (Market price-Flotation Costs)=(60/6)/(70-(70X0. 05)=0. 0541=5. 41 Answer 5. 41% 9-5 Cost of Equity DCF Summerdahl Resorts vulgar stock is currently trading at $36 a share. The stock is expected to pay a dividend of $3. 0 a share at the end of the year (D1 _ $3. 00), and the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% a year. What is the cost of common equity? P0 = $36 D1 = $3. 00 g = 5% rs = ? rs = D1/P0+g=(3/36)+0. 05=0. 01333 Answer 13. 33% 9-6 Cost of Equity CAPM Booher Book Stores has a beta of 0. 8. The yield on a 3-month T-bill is 4% and the yield on a 10-year T-bond is 6%. The market risk premium is 5. 5%, and the return on an average stock in the market last year was 15%. What is the estimated cost of common equity using the CAPM? rs = rRF + bi(RPM) = 0. 06 + 0. 8(0. 55) = 0. 14 Answer 10. 4% 9-7 WACC Shi Importers balance sheet shows $300 million in debt, $50 million in preferred stock, and $250 million in total common equity. Shi faces a 40% tax rate and the following data rd _ 6%, rps _ 5. 8%, and rs _ 12%. If Shi has a target capital structure of 30% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 65% common stock, what is Shis WACC? 30% Debt 5% Preferred Stock 65% Equity rd = 6% T = 40% rps = 5. 8% rs = 12%. WACC = (wd)(rd)(1 T) + (wps)(rps) + (wce)(rs) WACC = 0. 30(0. 06)(1-0. 40) + 0. 05(0. 058) + 0. 65(0. 12) = 0. 0917 Answer 9. 17%

Hometown Deli

Hometown Deli Case Study The Hometown Deli was established by your granddad in 1952 in your hometown. It offers many disparate kinds of specialized coffees, teas, a full service bakery, homemade soups, sandwiches, and salads. The Deli has been a local hotspot for many years and has served as a community assemblage place. Your grandfather recently retired from the business and has asked you to take it over. You are very excited about this opportunity Unfortunately, business has been steadily declining over the last five years. Although your grandfather was an expert at running the deli, it is outdated.There are no computers in the store and every last(predicate) ordering takes place manually. Your grandfather had a terrific memory and knew all of his customers by name, but unfortunately, none of this nurture is located anywhere in the store. The family recipes for the baked goods and soups are also stored in your grandfathers memory. Inventory is bring in in a note pad, along wi th employee payroll, and marketing coupons. The Deli does not sire a Web site, routines very little marketing except word-of-mouth, and basically still operates the same as it did in 1952.Throughout this course you will own and operate Hometown Deli, taking advantage of business practices discussed in the class, the Course Modules and the textbook to growth profits, keep the business running, and bring the Deli into the 21st century. Note As you approach these assignments, you will find it helpful to think about your own experiences with a local deli or sandwich shop. Making a trip to a local deli may help you think about the processes, challenges, and opportunities.Upon closure of these assignments you will have performed an array of activities to demonstrate your ability to apply the course content to a real world situation to Analyze the business environment and determine strategic areas for improvement (Stage 1) Propose an appropriate technology response to improve a sel ected business process (Stage 2) Evaluate various IT considerations of the proposed technology solution (Stage 3) Communicate your solution and the IT considerations to stakeholders using a presentation format (Stage 4) Identify and explain the next steps in implementing the solution (Stage 5) The case study and assignments hollo the Course Outcomes to enable you to analyze business strategy to recognize how technology solutions enable strategic outcomes analyze internal and external business processes to identify information systems requirements identify and plan IT solutions that meet business objectives. STAGED ASSIGNMENTS The staged assignments are designed to follow the relevant course modules and chapters of the textbook in the class schedule, and are due on the dates shown in the Syllabus.Stage 1 be after Business Environment Analysis (Word entry with analysis) Stage 2 Project Technology-Supported Solution Proposal (Word document with proposed solution) Stage 3 Project Tem plate for IT Considerations (Word table) Stage 4 Project Executive Briefing Presentation (PowerPoint Presentation on proposed solution) Stage 5 Project Outline of Next Steps (Word document outline with next steps) The weight of the assignments is shown in the Course Syllabus. The due dates are shown in the Course Schedule. Beca intention these assignments require you to use Microsoft Word and PowerPoint (as indicated in the instructions), you may need to brush up on your familiarity with these or use functions that perhaps are new to you. Therefore, do not cargo deck until the last minute to begin an activity.You should read through all the assignments in advance to ensure you (1) understand what is expected, and (2) allow enough time to effectively seduce the information being requested. Assignments for stages 1, 2 and 5 require external research, outside of the textbook. The grading rubric is included with each assignment. These assignments are designed to help you identify how to effectively analyze and interpret information to improve the business. This is an opportunity for you to apply critical thinking skills and think like a business professional. When you are create verbally a paper or developing a presentation, prepare it as if it is going to a boss that you want to impress with your knowledge and abilities.Dont just go through the mechanics of pulling together information think about what you are doing, why youre doing it, whether it make sense, whether the information seems realistic, and what the results show. Support your recommendations with your research. One of the prerequisites for this course is that you have a fundamental working knowledge of word processing and presentation software. Detailed instructions for each Staged Project, 1 through 5, are respectively posted in the Course Content area. You must prepare each assignment in the indicated format (i. e. , memo, report, presentation or other specified format) and shelve it as an at tachment through your individual Assignments Folder in WebTycho. No credit will be given for assignments submitted in file formats other than those utter in the assignment instructions. Additional InformationThere is a significant amount of information available to you to assist in developing your skills in using the Microsoft Office Products. MS Word and PowerPoint are required for these exercises. The textbook comes with access to the publishers weather vanesite (http//www. mhhe. com/baltzan) where there are a number of resources, including Tech Plug-Ins for Office 2003, 2007 and 2010. Dont hesitate to use the on-line help and wizard tools built into the MS Office applications for help as you work with the software tools. There are also other web sites, such aswww. eHow. com, and www. microsoft. com that provide tips. Even YouTube has some useful videos demonstrating various techniques.

Mount Kilauea

Mount Kilauea is the virtually famous outlet in Hawaii. It resides in the southeast in Mauna Loa. This volcano has one of the biggest craters of all volcanoes, consisting of 3,646 feet deep. It has an 8 mile circumference and is encompassed entirely by an enormous wall of volcanic rock 200 to 500 ft high (Mount Kilauea). Mount Kilauea is a low and flat protect volcano that rises only 1,247 meters above sea level. Till date, the Kilauea volcano is the most fighting(a) and the most visited volcano in the world (Oak, By Manali). Mount Kilauea is the youngest volcano in Hawaii. It has a lava level of 740 ft. nder the rim. Kilauea was formed under a hot spot under the crust.So were the other volcanoes on the Big Island such as Kohala, Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and Hualalai. There have been 34 eruptions since 1952 and 61 eruptions total (Mount Kilauea). Hawaii has eight volcanoes and for the moment consists of 4,038 square miles. This will not be the case for long though, because thank to Mount Kilauea, approximately forty-two acres are added each year from the eruptions. Mount Kilauea is only one of the five still-active volcanoes in Hawaii, but it is definitely the most famous.This is due to a variety of reasons but not the least of which is the belief that the Mount Kilauea volcano is the resting place of the infamous fire goddess Pele. Pele is a very provoke character in Hawaiian history. There are many stories but one of the most common stories tell of how she was born to a family with six sisters and was exiled for battle with her elder sister Na-maka-o-KahaI and for seducing her husband. Assumed dead by her family she made her way to Hawaii where she dug numerous fire pits, eventually creating the Haleakala Volcano.When she did this her older sister realized that she was still alive and went to kill her. She succeeded in an epic battle of natural forces. Legend says her bones remain as a hill called Ka-iwi-o-Pele (Pele). When she died she became a god and settled in her final and eternal fire pit, Mount Kilauea (Pele). Legend also says that she still appears from time to time before eruptions to piss young men ever closer to her volcano, sealing their doom. In two hundred forty-five years the infamous Mount Kilauea has erupted 62 times.An eruption begun in 1983 is still in process to this day. The eruptions at Mount Kilauea occur mainly from either the summit caldera or along the East and Southwest rift zones, which point parallel to the coastline (Oak, By Manali). Most of the lava flows to the Pacific Ocean shore. Much of the surface of Kilauea is comprised of lava that is around 1,000 years old while some part of the surface is around 600 years old (Oak, By Manali). The little moisture that is gathered from the trade winds of the northeast is pushed away constantly by Mount Kilauea. This process has caused the surrounding realm to be in a fairly constant rain shadow.Another thing about the volcano is that it gives off sulfur d ioxide whenever it erupts. These factors produce a cease effect in the Kilauea region. The winds that flow in this region carry along the ash produced by the volcano, causing dunes and dust storms (Oak, By Manali). Mt. Kilauea volcano has a entangled system for magma plumbing. It extends all the way to the surface from about 60 km below the surface of the Earth. The lava is of the type basalt and it erupts from the volcano cone, flowing through system of tubes knock off the Pulama Pali, which is about 11 km to the sea.Mount Kilauea is a volcano that will not be soon forgotten, especially since it is still one of the most active volcanoes in the world. It brings tourists from all over. They come to appreciate an infamously active volcano in its element. Even today we still have things to discover about it. The Hawaiian Volcano laboratory has been set up to enable the researchers in volcanology to study the mount Kilauea volcano (Oak, By Manali). It continues to interest scientists across the world. The Mt. Kilauea volcano, believed as being the invest home of the volcano goddess, Pele, is truly one of the wonders of nature.

Why I must Be Careful

As I sit and type, enchantment I green goddess think of a million reasons why I need to be more than c arful and non speed, there ar two reasons that seem to stick out at the c everywhere song of my head. The first reason is, I need to be more thoughtful because I could cause violate to myself and second, and more importantly, to soul else. Causing suffering to me can lead to a whole lot of sorrow for my family. It would further prove that everything my Mom and Dad were telling me is no joke. They love me and want me to grow up to become a functional and successful young man in todays society.Causing harm to someone else could also lead to a lot of heartache for my family as well as someone elses family. It could also lead to death. Speeding is defined as exceeding the stick on speed delimitate, madcap too fast for conditions, or racing and is a dangerous impulsive behavior. Despite progress in other areas, such as increased seat belt usage and fewer drunken driving d eaths, race continues to be a major factor in about one-third of traffic fatalities.Speeding is an offensive activity thats not only dangerous to the one committing the crime, but also to all those that are surround the offender. thither are signs posted on the side of the road for a reason. They control the traffic lean and keep accidents to a minimum. Going over these regulated speed zones is dangerous because if there is an obstacle that suddenly appears and youre going too fast to avoid it then that is an equation for disaster. You could damage your vehicle or worse, harm yourself or somebody else.To help enforce the stop number laws the police department assigns districts to the policemen and women to help bewilder and correct people who end up trying to break the law whether it be intentional or not. Speeding is a crime that when it is being broken is dangerous to more than one party. That may be the reason why its taken so seriously and is enforced at a higher(prenomina l) degree. When driving an automobile there are more problems than just going over the speed limit. There are wide varieties of situations that you must be aware of before you get behind the wheel of a vehicle.You must not only be cautious of yourself but also everyone who occupies the roadways. You never know what can happen. There are too many uncertainties when it comes to the mixing of different people and their vehicles. You never know what engaging of obstacles you will be faced with when you enter a public roadway. To help compensate for these uncertainties one must take total caution. Always be aware of your surroundings at all times. You must learn to keep your head on a swivel and eyes always on the road. When driving with any type of speed zone you should be highly precautious.Especially in a school zone, overdue to children going and leaving school as well as all cars that could possibly be lined up waiting to pick up and drop off their children. When it comes to yours and others safety you must take as many precautions as necessary to keep everyone safe. If you were to ask the average American to recite the speed limits that are placed on the various types of roads such as freeways, back roads, residential streets, you would be impress to discover how many cant answer this seemingly simple question.There are many factors that are often overlooked, but there are cases when drivers get caught speeding. The quickest route from agitate A to point B is a straight line but while driving a vehicle that is seldom an available path. So to make up for that some people, even I decide to speed. But with speeding come a lot of risks and dangers. Drivers usually speed because they are in a rush, they are not paying attention to their driving, and they do not think the laws applies to them, they do not think their driving is dangerous, or they just dont think they will get caught speeding.This is ugly, but it is the truth. No matter the vindicate speed ing is still against the law, so if youre caught speeding, like I was, then you will be penalize accordingly. In my case I was caught doing a high rate of speed. I was so far over the speed limit that its no longer classified as a ticket. My ticket was pushed up as a Super Speeder. A Super Speeder as a driver convicted of speeding at seventy-five miles per hour or more on a two-lane road or at eighty-five mph and above on any road of highway in the tell apart of Georgia.I was going eighty-three mph in a fifty mph zone. When I was summoned to court I was told that even if I paid the One Hundred ninety dollar ticket, my license would still be revoked so I need to go to court and take my punishment. When I went before the judge, I displayed my extreme compunction for what I had done as well as my Mother. She even told the judge she had taken the keys and probably wont get them back until graduation. I cannot be more grateful for the judge bountiful me the task of completing an ess ay on Why I should Be More Careful.I convey my gratitude and remorse for my dastardly deed by typing this essay instead of having my license revoked, paying an extremely large ticket, or possibly going to jail. I would like to believe the judge showed me lenience because it was my first and last traffic violation as well as the innate good in me. This was an ordeal that could have been easily avoided by simply going the posted speed limit. I can candidly say that I have learned my lesson and hopefully anyone reading this essay will think in two ways before going over the speed limit.I have seen the error of my ways. In my mind, I subconsciously slash played the dangers of speeding. I was also shocked to see the amount of people who actually speed on a regular basis. People speed on a regular basis is out of impatience. seldom does anyone have a valid reason as to why they speed, but then again not everyone gets caught, but if you are unlucky enough to get caught then you could face a plethora of consequences, so its best to keep yourself and other people safe by obeying the traffic laws and following the posted speed signs along the side of the road.In conclusion, this is my essay on why I should be more careful and why speeding is irrational and why it is just better to do the posted speed limit and obey all traffic laws. Once again, I am grateful for this opportunity to show my remorse for breaking the law and I will not speed again and I will be more careful. Thank you for taking the time to read my essay.

Culture and workplace ethics Essay

civilization in the pop offplace has very bitty to do with the hale known shade of literature, music and art. In the workplace, acculturation subprogramu all toldy refers to the divided up work environment, belief systems, behavior expectations and expected efforts, all of which normally characterize a certain memorial tablet or stock enterprise. The work setting gloss in general includes things like, socialization expectations, dress code, how different groups indoors the disposal perceive issues relating to attendance, problem solving and quality of work output.Finding the appropriate floriculture to fit an arranging is a vital fragment in ensuring that a particular field or job is successful. incorporated culture has a lot of influence on moral philosophy of an ready-up. It is through it that right or impairment decisions ar made. They determine whether to adopt strategies that leave benefit absolute majority of the people in the workplace positively or a dopting ones with an impact of affecting most workers in a negative manner (Russell, Para 3). case of culture on workplace ethicsThe systems culture is quite important maybe more than most people appreciate. It holds non-homogeneous categories of people within an organization together and thusly it has a lot of impact on what people within the organization perceive to be right or wrong. Even though certain conducts like corruption world power be considered to be vice and thus ethnically immoral in some organizations, there are other workplaces where the behavior is considered to be appropriate. refinement is vulgarly deep rooted in an organization since although it is manmade it takes several(prenominal) decades to grow.New employees in each and both work place are first introduced to the operating culture in the workplace and thus it is usually in each and any person working in the workplace. Ethics comes after culture and it whence has to sing to the tune of culture ( Lagan, & Moran, pp 46). The depth of culture within an organization is usually realized when person attempts to alter an organizations culture in a manner that is not consistent with the shared believes and norms of the organization. Such a person usually meets a lot resistance regard slight of whether the intended cultural change is ethical or not.Culture within an organization is usually not stagnant scarce it is rather dynamical so as to take into account the changing origin and workplace environment. collect to the fact that the workplace ethics are tied to culture, they also have to keep on changing so as to be consistent with the workplace culture (Russell, Para 4). Workplace ethics is extremely influenced by the leadership of the entire organization. These are the people who are charged with the mandate of running the business and making decisions for the entire organization. The organizational culture determines the type of people to take managerial decisions.Therefor e, if the culture of an organization is to be led by men and women of high integrity, thusly the workplace in such an organization is presumable to be ethical. This is ascribable to the fact that when an organization is led by such people, they leave eer make decisions with each and everyone within and without the organization in their mind. Their decisions will in most cases affect majority of the people in a positive manner. In this case, culture is very important on business ethics since it determines in an indirect manner the type of decisions to be made by the managers trail the organization (Hopkins, pp 78).On the other hand, if the organizational culture of a particular enterprise is one that allows men and women of less integrity to lead it, people who enter these offices via unethical channels where merit is not a priority, then such managers will in most cases be unethical. They will in almost all cases make unethical decisions which are likely to only benefit very f ew individuals within the organization while exposing the majority, mainly the junior members of staff to unfair treatment. Workplaces operating from such environments are mostly unethical and understandably this is as a result of the organizational culture.Most of the decisions adopted in such organizations are usually only aimed at maximizing the profits of the organization without putting into consideration other parties who are likely to suffer as a result of such decisions. These types of managements are mainly self centered and are only worried about their business organizations with little or no concern at all for other people. They are not worried of whether their actions are ethical or not, as long as business is running and making profits nothing else worry them.This attitude is usually resurrectd by the organizational culture which in turn affects the workplace ethics significantly (Russell, Para 7). The corporate culture of an enterprise determines the criteria of prom otion. If the culture of an organization enhances promotion based on merit, then the workplace will be more ethical as compared to instances where promotion is not based on merit. Since employees seek for promotion every now and then, they have to look for the criterion that is used for promotion so that they can be well equipped to qualify for promotion.Such a culture of promotion will take decades to phrase and will thus be very much deep rooted to eliminate within the workplace (Lagan, & Moran, pp 69). The culture of an organization determines the values that are to be held in high regard within the organization. If a culture holds unethical behaviors in high esteem, then such conducts will be dominant in the organization. Rewards will be awarded to those people who outper determine in such conducts. In this case, the organizational culture is mainly refer with appreciating the efforts of its employees who have excelled in certain field regardless of whether their actions were ethical or not.Such a culture therefore, promotes unethical behaviors among its employees (Brooks, & Dunn, pp 120). In other organizations, the culture is very clear and is tailored towards promoting ethical behaviors among its employees. In fact, the employees who excel in ethical conducts in various fields in the course of their work are determine in a fair manner and rewarded so as to encourage them to continue in the alike(p) spirit and be even more ethical in future.The other employees are also challenged to act ethically and at the same time they are made to desire to act ethically so as to be rewarded like their counterparts who were more ethical than then in a certain period. This form of culture thus acts as a tool for enhancing ethical behaviors within an organization to develop (Bassman, pp 55s). Culture within an organization determines how the organization as whole perceives the outsiders, more so its competitors. There are cultures which are tailored towards viewing the competitors as enemies and thus it promotes actions which will deal with such enterprises as enemies.Such a culture will promote unethical behaviors to its competitors and enmity arises between the two organizations. Culture is responsible for various unethical actions that might be penetrated to the other organization since it has made everyone within the workplace of the organization to develop a negative attitude towards its competitors (Russell, Para 9). At the same time, culture can act as a catalyst for enhancing ethical behaviors among the various employees of the organization especially in their actions towards the competitors.Culture will in this case promote good relations among the two organizations and it will make the employees to perceive the other organization as a competitor and not an enemy. This form of culture will promote actions that will enhance positive competition between the two sides and thus ethical behaviors will be enhanced greatly (Lagan, & Moran, pp 89). While there are employment regulations and laws governing the manner in which employees are to be treated, the ethics of an organization are more tailored by the organizational culture and not such laws and regulations.The ethics therefore goes beyond the regulations and the laws connecting the business practices of an organization to the workers personal beliefs. Culture in this case plays a leading role in ensuring that the actions adopted by the organization are in line with it. In this case, the organizational culture ensures that various employees in the workplace within the enterprise work together for a common objective as well as having the intention of doing the right thing in a introduction that is quite diverse and complex (Bassman, pp 126).The culture in operation within an enterprise determines how an organization treats its outsiders and whether or not it does anything that is likely to affect them negatively. For culture to be able to promote ethical actions among its employees towards the outsiders, then it mustiness be one that encourages decisions that will affect these people in a positive manner. Among the current issues that has brought a lot of criticism in the entire world is that of pollution. An organization is considered to be ethical if it emits fewer pollutants to the environment.This intend that it is concerned about the environment and the consequences of disposing untreated chemicals to the environment. On the other hand, there are organizations that are on the whole unethical. They pollute the environment without really caring how many people will be affected by the same. This affects the workplace environment indirectly since the employees will face hostility from members of public and will in several occasions be referred to as unethical people who do not care about tomorrow.This might make the organization to loose several employees to other companies which are more ethical as employees will like to be associated with organizations with good reputation (Brooks, & Dunn, pp 258). Conclusion Culture is a very important element in every organization. It is responsible in shaping the ethical behavior of the employees and also the workplace ethics. This is due to the fact that ethics within an organization is driven by the culture that is in operation within an organization. Culture is therefore a very important force in driving ethical practices of an enterprise.This is mainly because the organizational culture takes time to grow and mature and that it is taught to all new employees which make it to be deeply rooted within all employees. Culture has the ability of making an organization to act either ethically or unethically. Work cited Bassman, Emily S. Abuse in the workplace management remedies and bottom line impact ISBN 089930673X, Quorum, 1992. Brooks, Leonard J. & Dunn, capital of Minnesota Business & Professional Ethics for Directors, Executives & Accountants ISBN 0324594550, Cengage Lear ning, 2009.Hopkins, Willie Edward. Ethical dimensions of diversity ISBN 080397289X, SAGE, 1997. Lagan, Attracta & Moran, Brian Three Dimensional Ethics Implementing Workplace value ISBN 097574223X, eContent Management, 2005. Russell, Mike Workplace Ethics & Business for Social Responsibility Initiatives for corporate cultures connected to ethical business practices, concern for the environment and global humanitarian causes (2008) Retrieved on 5th August 2009 from http//sandiego. jobing. com/blog_post. asp? post=8929.